The short-term impacts of development-induced displacement on wealth and subjective well-being in the Brazilian Amazon.
The short-term impacts of development-induced displacement on wealth and subjective well-being in the Brazilian Amazon.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.07.005
复制
发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Randell H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Randell H
水坝、矿山和城市基础设施等开发项目造成的流离失所往往会导致受影响社区的生计下降。因此，挑战在于实施既能实现国家或区域发展目标，又能为流离失所者带来积极社会和经济成果的项目。本文采用纵向混合方法设计来了解因巴西亚马逊贝洛蒙特大坝建设而流离失所的家庭财富和主观幸福感的短期变化。这些家庭因失去土地和资产而获得现金或信贷补偿，然后负责寻找和购买新财产。通过使用搬迁前和搬迁后的家庭调查、半结构化访谈数据以及小型比较组的数据，我发现大多数研究人群的财富有所增加，社会经济不平等有所减少，因为较贫困的家庭在住房条件、资产和财产所有权方面经历了更大的改善。此外，大多数家庭的主观幸福感得到改善，特别是那些在基线时没有土地的家庭、获得车辆等资产的家庭、距离原始研究区域较近的家庭以及与研究人口中其他家庭距离较近的家庭。搬到城市目的地与幸福感下降密切相关，远离家人或朋友也是如此。这些结果表明，在基于补偿的移民计划中投入足够的资源可以在短期内使因大型基础设施项目而流离失所的家庭受益，但在大坝建设完成后需要收集额外的数据来确定这些好处是否能够长期持续。
Displacement due to development projects such as dams, mines, and urban infrastructure often leads to livelihood decline among affected communities. The challenge, therefore, lies in implementing projects that achieve national or regional development goals while also generating positive social and economic outcomes for displaced populations. This paper uses a longitudinal, mixed-methods design to understand the short-term changes in wealth and subjective well-being of households displaced due to construction of the Belo Monte Dam in the Brazilian Amazon. The households were compensated by either cash or credit for their lost land and assets, and were then responsible for finding and purchasing new property. Using pre- and post-displacement household survey and semi-structured interview data, as well as data from a small comparison group, I find that wealth increased for the majority of the study population and that socioeconomic inequality decreased, as poorer households experienced greater improvements in housing conditions, assets, and property ownership. In addition, subjective well-being improved for most households, particularly among those who did not own land at baseline, those who gained assets such as vehicles, those who remained closer to the original study area, and those who remained in close proximity to other households from the study population. Moving to an urban destination was strongly associated with declines in well-being, as was moving far from family or friends. These results suggest that investing sufficient resources in a compensation-based resettlement program can benefit households displaced by large infrastructure projects in the short term, but additional data collection is needed after the completion of dam construction to determine whether these benefits are sustained over the longer term.