Bedrock geological map predictions for Phanerozoic fossil occurrences
Bedrock geological map predictions for Phanerozoic fossil occurrences
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DOI：
10.1017/pab.2022.46
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发表时间：
2023-01-27
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Peters，Shanan E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ye，Shan;Peters，Shanan E.
地理上明确的、分类上确定的化石事件对于重建宏观进化模式和测试地球和生命科学中的广泛假设是必要的。古生物学数据库（PBDB）中化石产状时空分布的异质性可归因于多种因素，包括生物群落之间的更替、古生物学研究强度的社会经济差异以及沉积矿床分布和化石产量的地质控制。在这里，我们使用来自macrostrata的全球地质图数据和PBDB中的化石收集的交集来评估潜在的含化石、表面表达的沉积记录产生化石产状的程度。我们发现地质图面积与化石产状数之间存在显著且中等强的正相关关系。这种相关性是一致的，无论地图单位年龄和分组协议，除了在时期水平；新近纪和第四纪的非海相地图单元覆盖面积大，出现的次数比预期的少。北美和欧洲的沉积记录显示，每个沉积区域的化石数量明显多于世界上大多数其他地区同样年代的沉积物。然而，沉积层的面积和年龄的地理差异导致了对化石产状的区域期望不同。利用北美和欧洲的地表表达沉积单元采样作为其他地区地表表达沉积矿床可采储量的预测指标，我们发现全球其余地区的PBDB采样率约为45%。利用北美和欧洲的基岩年龄和面积以及采样作为预测的基础，我们估计需要将这些地区以外的639,000多个矿点添加到PBDB中，以实现采样的全球地质平衡。总的来说，新的陆生化石的出现预计会对我们对宏观进化模式的理解产生最大的影响。
Geographically explicit, taxonomically resolved fossil occurrences are necessary for reconstructing macroevolutionary patterns and for testing a wide range of hypotheses in the Earth and life sciences. Heterogeneity in the spatial and temporal distribution of fossil occurrences in the Paleobiology Database (PBDB) is attributable to several different factors, including turnover among biological communities, socioeconomic disparities in the intensity of paleontological research, and geological controls on the distribution and fossil yield of sedimentary deposits. Here we use the intersection of global geological map data from Macrostrat and fossil collections in the PBDB to assess the extent to which the potentially fossil-bearing, surface-expressed sedimentary record has yielded fossil occurrences. We find a significant and moderately strong positive correlation between geological map area and the number of fossil occurrences. This correlation is consistent regardless of map unit age and binning protocol, except at period level; the Neogene and Quaternary have non-marine map units covering large areas and yielding fewer occurrences than expected. The sedimentary record of North America and Europe yields significantly more fossil occurrences per sedimentary area than similarly aged deposits in most of the rest of the world. However, geographic differences in area and age of sedimentary deposits lead to regionally different expectations for fossil occurrences. Using the sampling of surface-expressed sedimentary units in North America and Europe as a predictor for what might be recoverable from the surface-expressed sedimentary deposits of other regions, we find that the rest of the globe is approximately 45% as well sampled in the PBDB. Using age and area of bedrock and sampling in North America and Europe as a basis for prediction, we estimate that more than 639,000 occurrences from outside these regions would need to be added to the PBDB to achieve global geological parity in sampling. In general, new terrestrial fossil occurrences are expected to have the greatest impact on our understanding of macroevolutionary patterns.