Autonomic correlates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in preschool children
Autonomic correlates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in preschool children
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DOI：
10.1037/0021-843x.115.1.174
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Chipman-Chacon, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crowell, SE;Beauchaine, TP;Chipman-Chacon, J
许多研究表明，行为障碍的青少年和反社会的成年人中存在自主神经唤醒不足。然而，目前还不清楚在高危学龄前儿童中是否存在类似的自主神经标志物。在这项研究中，作者比较了4至6岁的注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）和对立违抗性障碍（ODD; n = 18）与年龄匹配的对照组（n = 20）的自主神经概况。ADHD和ODD儿童表现出较少的皮肤电反应和延长心脏射血前期在基线和奖励。尽管基线呼吸性窦性心律失常没有发现组间差异，但ADHD和ODD参与者的心率变化完全由副交感神经退缩介导，没有独立的交感神经贡献。对照组的心率变化由两个自主神经分支介导。这些结果表明，在危险的学龄前儿童是类似的年龄较大的外部化的儿童。
Numerous studies have revealed autonomic underarousal in conduct-disordered adolescents and antisocial adults. It is unknown, however, whether similar autonomic markers are present in at-risk preschoolers. In this study, the authors compared autonomic profiles of 4- to 6-year-old children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD; n = 18) with those of age-matched controls (n = 20). Children with ADHD and ODD exhibited fewer electrodermal responses and lengthened cardiac preejection periods at baseline and during reward. Although group differences were not found in baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia, heart rate changes among ADHD and ODD participants were mediated exclusively by parasympathetic withdrawal, with no independent sympathetic contribution. Heart rate changes among controls were mediated by both autonomic branches. These results suggest that at-risk preschoolers are autonomically similar to older externalizing children.