Profiling the extended phenotype of plant pathogens: Challenges in Bacterial Molecular Plant Pathology.
Profiling the extended phenotype of plant pathogens: Challenges in Bacterial Molecular Plant Pathology.
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DOI：
10.1111/mpp.12530
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发表时间：
2017-04
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
G. Preston
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Preston
植物病理学中最基本的问题之一是什么决定了病原体是否在植物内生长？这个问题经常在激发子和致病因子在触发或克服宿主防御中的作用方面进行研究。然而，这一重点未能解决宿主组织中的环境如何支持或限制病原体生长的基本问题。了解宿主-病原体相互作用这方面的努力通常受到几个问题的困扰，包括植物环境的复杂性，许多实验感染系统的人工性质，以及与植物相关的病原体的生理特性可能与培养中的病原体的特性大不相同。同样重要的是要认识到，病原体和宿主的表型和进化通过它们的相互作用是密不可分的，因此病原体在宿主内所经历的环境及其在宿主内的表型是其与宿主相互作用及其进化史（包括与宿主植物的共同进化）的产物。由于宿主内病原体的表型特性不能在与宿主分离的情况下定义，因此可以适当地认为病原体具有“扩展表型”，这是其基因型、宿主相互作用和宿主环境内种群结构的产物。这篇文章反映了定义和研究这种扩展表型的挑战，与下面提出的问题有关，并考虑了宿主环境中病原体表型的知识如何用于改善疾病控制。是什么决定病原体是否在植物内生长？在描述宿主内病原体的扩展表型时应考虑病原体生物学的哪些方面？我们如何研究扩展表型，以提供对自然感染期间病原体表型特性的见解？
One of the most fundamental questions in plant pathology is what determines whether a pathogen grows within a plant? This question is frequently studied in terms of the role of elicitors and pathogenicity factors in the triggering or overcoming of host defences. However, this focus fails to address the basic question of how the environment in host tissues acts to support or restrict pathogen growth. Efforts to understand this aspect of host-pathogen interactions are commonly confounded by several issues, including the complexity of the plant environment, the artificial nature of many experimental infection systems and the fact that the physiological properties of a pathogen growing in association with a plant can be very different from the properties of the pathogen in culture. It is also important to recognize that the phenotype and evolution of pathogen and host are inextricably linked through their interactions, such that the environment experienced by a pathogen within a host, and its phenotype within the host, is a product of both its interaction with its host and its evolutionary history, including its co-evolution with host plants. As the phenotypic properties of a pathogen within a host cannot be defined in isolation from the host, it may be appropriate to think of pathogens as having an 'extended phenotype' that is the product of their genotype, host interactions and population structure within the host environment. This article reflects on the challenge of defining and studying this extended phenotype, in relation to the questions posed below, and considers how knowledge of the phenotype of pathogens in the host environment could be used to improve disease control. What determines whether a pathogen grows within a plant? What aspects of pathogen biology should be considered in describing the extended phenotype of a pathogen within a host? How can we study the extended phenotype in ways that provide insights into the phenotypic properties of pathogens during natural infections?