Child's gender and household food insecurity are associated with stunting among young Pakistani children residing in urban squatter settlements
Child's gender and household food insecurity are associated with stunting among young Pakistani children residing in urban squatter settlements
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DOI：
10.1177/156482650602700203
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Badruddin, Salma Halai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baig-Ansari, Naila;Rahbar, Mohammad Hossain;Badruddin, Salma Halai
背景儿童的营养状况是一个社会总体福祉的良好指标，反映了粮食安全以及现有的保健和环境条件。在巴基斯坦，据估计，近40%至50%的五岁以下儿童发育迟缓。由于城市人口比农村人口有更多的经济机会，人们认为巴基斯坦城市贫困家庭有经济资源，但这些家庭缺乏技能和知识，无法将其资源转化为良好的护理和喂养做法。本研究的目的是1）评估流行的照顾和喂养的做法，6至18个月的儿童居住在棚户区的卡拉奇和2），以确定照顾和喂养的做法，以及任何其他潜在的因素，与发育迟缓。2000年10月至12月，在8个居民点进行了横断面调查，共对433名合格儿童的母亲进行了结构式问卷调查。最后对399对母子进行多元Logistic回归分析。女童发育不良的可能性几乎是男童的三倍。因饥饿而粮食无保障的家庭，其子女发育迟缓的可能性也是其他家庭的三倍。母亲缺乏正规教育（调整后的患病率比值比，2.9; 95%置信区间，1.4至3.8）和大家庭规模（调整后的患病率比值比，1.7; 95%置信区间，1.0至3.8）也与发育迟缓。尽管某些护理和喂养方法在单变量水平上具有显著性，但在最终的多变量分析中不具有显著性，因此从最终模型中排除。在存在粮食不安全的家庭，对照料做法的了解可能不够，必须在教育工作之前或同时采取粮食补贴等干预措施。需要采取进一步的后续行动，以探讨性别差异对儿童保育的影响。
Background. The nutritional status of children is a good indicator of the overall well-being of a society and reflects food security as well as existing health-care and environmental conditions. In Pakistan, it is estimated that nearly 40% to 50% of children under the age of five are stunted. Due to greater economic opportunities available to the urban population as compared to the rural, it was believed that economic resources existed in poor urban Pakistani households but that the households lacked the skills and knowledge to translate their resources into good care and feeding practices.Objective. This study aimed 1) to assess the prevalent care and feeding practices among children aged 6 to 18 months residing in the squatter settlements of Karachi and 2) to identify care and feeding practices, as well as any other underlying factors, associated with stunting.Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in eight settlements between October and December 2000 A total of 433 mothers of eligible children were interviewed with the use of structured questionnaires. Final analysis using multiple logistic regression was conducted on 399 mother-child pairs.Results. Female children were nearly three times more likely to be stunted than male children. Households that were food insecure with hunger were also three times more likely than other households to have a stunted child. Lack of maternal formal schooling (adjusted prevalence odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 3.8) and large household size (adjusted prevalence odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 3.8) were also associated with stunting. Even though certain care and feeding practices were significant at the univariate level, they were not significant in the final multivariate analysis and so were excluded from the final model.Conclusions. In households where food insecurity exists, knowledge of care practices may not be sufficient, and interventions such as food subsidies must precede or accompany educational efforts. Further follow-up is required to explore the effect of gender differences on child care.