Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
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DOI：
10.5665/sleep.1112
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Scammell, Thomas E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Espana, Rodrigo A.;Scammell, Thomas E.
许多神经化学系统相互作用以产生觉醒和睡眠。脑桥、中脑和下丘脑后部的神经元促进觉醒，这些神经元产生乙酰胆碱、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、血清素、组胺和食欲素/下丘脑分泌素。大多数上行唤醒系统会广泛激活皮层和其他前脑目标。 NREM 睡眠主要由视前区神经元驱动，抑制上行唤醒系统，而 REM 睡眠主要由脑桥神经元调节，下丘脑也会产生额外影响。这些唤醒和睡眠调节区域之间的相互抑制可能有助于产生完全的清醒和睡眠以及状态之间的快速转换。对这些系统的最新回顾应该能让临床医生和研究人员更好地了解药物、病变和神经系统疾病对睡眠和觉醒的影响。
Many neurochemical systems interact to generate wakefulness and sleep. Wakefulness is promoted by neurons in the pons, midbrain, and posterior hypothalamus that produce acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, and orexin/hypocretin. Most of these ascending arousal systems diffusely activate the cortex and other forebrain targets. NREM sleep is mainly driven by neurons in the preoptic area that inhibit the ascending arousal systems, while REM sleep is regulated primarily by neurons in the pons, with additional influence arising in the hypothalamus. Mutual inhibition between these wake- and sleep-regulating regions likely helps generate full wakefulness and sleep with rapid transitions between states. This up-to-date review of these systems should allow clinicians and researchers to better understand the effects of drugs, lesions, and neurologic disease on sleep and wakefulness.