Speciation genes in plants
Speciation genes in plants
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DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcq126
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Blackman, Benjamin K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rieseberg, Loren H.;Blackman, Benjamin K.
背景物种形成基因的分析-有助于种群之间基因流动的停止-可以提供有关生态环境，进化力量和分子机制的线索，推动种群和物种的分歧。本文综述了植物生殖隔离（RI）基因的身份和属性，比较它们与动物物种形成基因，并探讨这些基因可以告诉我们什么speciation.Scope四十一个候选物种形成基因在植物文献中被确定。其中，7个有助于授粉前RI，一个授粉后，受精前RI，8个杂种不育，25个杂种不育。在不同的植物类群中，经常发现的与RI进化相关的基因、基因家族和遗传途径包括花青素途径及其调控因子（传粉者分离），S RNase-SI基因（单侧不亲和性），抗病基因（杂交坏死），嵌合线粒体基因（细胞质雄性不育），和五肽重复家族基因（细胞质雄性不育）结论本综述最令人惊讶的结论是，在遗传学研究中，与合子前和合子后RI相关的基因的同一性通常是可预测的。广义的生殖障碍表型。调控变化（顺式和反式）占主导地位的植物授粉前RI的演变，而混合的调控突变和蛋白质编码基因的变化是内在的合子后障碍。此外，功能丧失突变和拷贝数变异经常导致RI。虽然植物物种形成基因正选择的直接证据是令人惊讶的稀缺，基因家族进化的分析，沿着理论的考虑，意味着多样化选择和遗传冲突在RI的进化中的重要作用。然而，与动物不同的是，植物中的大多数候选物种形成基因表现出种内多态性，这与随机力和/或平衡选择在植物RI发展中的重要作用一致。
Background Analyses of speciation genes - genes that contribute to the cessation of gene flow between populations - can offer clues regarding the ecological settings, evolutionary forces and molecular mechanisms that drive the divergence of populations and species. This review discusses the identities and attributes of genes that contribute to reproductive isolation (RI) in plants, compares them with animal speciation genes and investigates what these genes can tell us about speciation.Scope Forty-one candidate speciation genes were identified in the plant literature. Of these, seven contributed to pre-pollination RI, one to post-pollination, prezygotic RI, eight to hybrid inviability, and 25 to hybrid sterility. Genes, gene families and genetic pathways that were frequently found to underlie the evolution of RI in different plant groups include the anthocyanin pathway and its regulators (pollinator isolation), S RNase-SI genes (unilateral incompatibility), disease resistance genes (hybrid necrosis), chimeric mitochondrial genes (cytoplasmic male sterility), and pentatricopeptide repeat family genes (cytoplasmic male sterility).Conclusions The most surprising conclusion from this review is that identities of genes underlying both prezygotic and postzygotic RI are often predictable in a broad sense front the phenotype of the reproductive barrier. Regulatory changes (both cis and trans) dominate the evolution of pre-pollination RI in plants, whereas a mix of regulatory mutations and changes in protein-coding genes underlie intrinsic postzygotic barriers. Also, loss-of-function mutations and copy number variation frequently contribute to RI. Although direct evidence of positive selection on speciation genes is surprisingly scarce in plants, analyses of gene family evolution, along with theoretical considerations, imply an important role for diversifying selection and genetic conflict in the evolution of RI. Unlike in animals, however, most candidate speciation genes in plants exhibit intraspecific polymorphism, consistent with an important role for stochastic forces and/or balancing selection in development of RI in plants.