A Review of the Literature on Bullying in U.S. Schools and How a Parent–Educator Partnership Can Be an Effective Way to Handle Bullying
A Review of the Literature on Bullying in U.S. Schools and How a Parent–Educator Partnership Can Be an Effective Way to Handle Bullying
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关于美国学校欺凌的文献综述以及家长与教育者的合作如何成为应对欺凌的有效方法
DOI：
10.1080/10926771.2012.675420
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
James F. Austin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Jordan;James F. Austin
欺凌在美国和其他国家已经研究了很多年。这篇文章是对文献的回顾，重点是关于欺凌和欺凌的长期影响的法律（州和联邦）。此外，文章还概述了五种不同类型的欺凌：（a）身体欺凌，（B）言语欺凌，（c）通过关系攻击的欺凌，（d）通过社会攻击的欺凌，（e）网络欺凌。重点也给予（a）欺负者，（B）被动受害者，（c）欺负受害者，（d）旁观者的情绪和身体行为，以及短期和长期的影响欺负对他们每个人。文章的最后一部分重点讨论了家长与教育工作者建立零容忍欺凌伙伴关系的重要性。
Bullying has been studied for many years in the U.S. and other countries. This article is a review of the literature focusing on the laws (state and federal) pertaining to bullying and the long-term effects of being a bully. In addition, the article provides an overview of the five different types of bullying: (a) physical bullying, (b) verbal bullying, (c) bullying through relational aggression, (d) bullying through social aggression, and (e) cyberbullying. Focus is also given to the emotional and physical behaviors of the (a) bully, (b) passive victim, (c) bully victim, and (d) bystander, as well as the short- and long-term effects of bullying on each of them. The last part of the article focuses on the importance of having a parent–educator partnership with zero tolerance for bullying.