METAPHOR AS STRUCTURE MAPPING - THE RELATIONAL SHIFT
METAPHOR AS STRUCTURE MAPPING - THE RELATIONAL SHIFT
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DOI：
10.2307/1130388
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发表时间：
1988-02-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
GENTNER, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GENTNER, D
本研究的目的是利用结构映射理论来区分隐喻的种类，从而阐明隐喻的发展过程。特别是，我们建议儿童在理解基于共享对象属性的隐喻之前，先理解基于共享关系结构的隐喻。这预示着(1)基于共同属性的早期隐喻解释能力，(2)基于共同关系结构的隐喻解释能力的发展增长，以及(3)对隐喻的主要归因解释向主要关系解释转变，这两种解释都可以理解。我们进行了两个实验来验证这些说法。隐喻有三种，不同的是构成解释基础的共享信息是归因的、关系的，还是两者兼而有之。在实验1中，5-6岁儿童和9-10岁儿童以及成人分别对这三种隐喻进行了解释。他们的解释的归因性和相关性由独立裁判评分。在实验二中，4-5岁和7-8岁的儿童和成人选择他们更喜欢的两种隐喻解释。在两个实验中，关系反应都随年龄的增长而显著增加，而归因反应则没有。这些结果表明隐喻解释的发展趋势正在向关注关系结构的方向转变。
The goal of this research is to clarify the development of metaphor by using structure-mapping theory to make distinctions among kinds of metaphors. In particular, it is proposed that children can understand metaphors based on shared object attributes before those based on shared relational structure. This predicts (1) early ability to interpret metaphors based on shared attributes, (2) a developmental increase in ability to interpret metaphors based on shared relational structure, and (3) a shift primarily attributional to primarily relational interpretations for metaphors that can be understood in either way. 2 experiments were performed to test these claims. There were 3 kinds of metaphors, varying in whether the shared information forming the basis for the interpretation was attributional, relational, or both. In Experiment 1, children aged 5-6 and 9-10 and adults produced interpretations of the 3 types of metaphors. The attributionality and relationality of their interpretation were scored by independent judges. In Experiment 2, children aged 4-5 and 7-8 and adults chose which of 2 interpretations.sbd.relational or attributional.sbd.of a metaphor they preferred. In both experiments, relational responding increased significantly with age, but attributional responding did not. These results indicate a developmental shift toward a focus on relational structural in metaphor interpretation.