Public Knowledge of Benefits of Breast and Prostate Cancer Screening in Europe
Public Knowledge of Benefits of Breast and Prostate Cancer Screening in Europe
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DOI：
10.1093/jnci/djp237
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发表时间：
2009-09-02
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
Frank, Ronald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gigerenzer, Gerd;Mata, Jutta;Frank, Ronald
做出有关乳腺癌和前列腺癌筛查的明智决定需要了解其好处。然而，缺乏关于公众对筛查益处的了解的具体国家信息。对九个欧洲国家（奥地利、法国、德国、意大利、荷兰、波兰、俄罗斯、西班牙和英国）通过代表性配额法选出的 10 228 人进行了面对面的计算机辅助个人访谈，以评估与乳房 X 光检查和前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA) 筛查相关的癌症特异性死亡率降低的看法。参与者还被询问了他们查阅 14 种不同来源的健康信息的程度。计算特定来源的使用频率与筛查效益估计准确性之间的相关系数。 92% 的女性高估了乳房 X 线摄影筛查带来的死亡率降低至少一个数量级，或者报告称她们并不知道。 89% 的男性同样高估了 PSA 筛查的好处，或者不知道。 50-69 岁的女性和男性（因此成为筛查计划的目标）对于乳房 X 光检查和 PSA 筛查的好处并没有比男性和女性整体更好地了解。经常咨询医生（r = .07，95% 置信区间 [CI] = 0.05 至 0.09）和健康小册子（r = .06，95% CI = 0.04 至 0.08）往往会增加而不是减少高估。九个欧洲国家的绝大多数公民系统性地高估了乳房 X 光检查和 PSA 筛查的好处。在接受调查的国家中，医生和其他信息来源似乎对改善公民对这些福利的看法影响不大。
Making informed decisions about breast and prostate cancer screening requires knowledge of its benefits. However, country-specific information on public knowledge of the benefits of screening is lacking. Face-to-face computer-assisted personal interviews were conducted with 10 228 persons selected by a representative quota method in nine European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, and the United Kingdom) to assess perceptions of cancer-specific mortality reduction associated with mammography and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. Participants were also queried on the extent to which they consulted 14 different sources of health information. Correlation coefficients between frequency of use of particular sources and the accuracy of estimates of screening benefit were calculated. Ninety-two percent of women overestimated the mortality reduction from mammography screening by at least one order of magnitude or reported that they did not know. Eighty-nine percent of men overestimated the benefits of PSA screening by a similar extent or did not know. Women and men aged 50-69 years, and thus targeted by screening programs, were not substantially better informed about the benefits of mammography and PSA screening, respectively, than men and women overall. Frequent consulting of physicians (r = .07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05 to 0.09) and health pamphlets (r = .06, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.08) tended to increase rather than reduce overestimation. The vast majority of citizens in nine European countries systematically overestimate the benefits of mammography and PSA screening. In the countries investigated, physicians and other information sources appear to have little impact on improving citizens' perceptions of these benefits.