Recent human-to-poultry host jump, adaptation, and pandemic spread of Staphylococcus aureus
Recent human-to-poultry host jump, adaptation, and pandemic spread of Staphylococcus aureus
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0909285106
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发表时间：
2009-11-17
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Fitzgerald, J. Ross
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lowder, Bethan V.;Guinane, Caitriona M.;Fitzgerald, J. Ross
全球化对病原体出现和传播的影响是一个重要的兽医和公共卫生问题。金黄色葡萄球菌是一种臭名昭著的人类病原体，与严重的医院和社区获得性感染有关。此外，金黄色葡萄球菌是导致家禽骨骼感染等动物疾病的主要原因，这对全球肉鸡行业来说是一个巨大的经济负担。在这里，我们提供的证据表明，大多数从肉鸡中分离出来的金黄色葡萄球菌是大约 38 年前（范围为 30 至 63 年前）由波兰独有的全球人类 ST5 克隆谱系亚型发生的单一人到家禽宿主跳跃的后代。与 ST5 辐射的人类亚型表现出强烈的地理集群性相反，家禽 ST5 进化枝分布在不同的大陆，这与通过全球家禽业分销网络的广泛传播一致。通过从禽类特异性辅助基因库中获取新的可移动遗传元件，以及通过对人类疾病发病机制重要的几种蛋白质的失活，家禽 ST5 进化枝经历了与其人类祖先品系的遗传多样化。这些遗传事件导致鸡对异嗜性细菌杀死的抵抗力增强，反映了鸟类宿主适应性进化。总而言之，我们确定了一种主要的新动物病原体的进化史，该病原体经历了鸟类宿主的快速适应和洲际传播。这些数据为人类活动对动物病原体出现的影响提供了新的范例。
The impact of globalization on the emergence and spread of pathogens is an important veterinary and public health issue. Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious human pathogen associated with serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections. In addition, S. aureus is a major cause of animal diseases including skeletal infections of poultry, which are a large economic burden on the global broiler chicken industry. Here, we provide evidence that the majority of S. aureus isolates from broiler chickens are the descendants of a single human-to-poultry host jump that occurred approximately 38 years ago (range, 30 to 63 years ago) by a subtype of the worldwide human ST5 clonal lineage unique to Poland. In contrast to human subtypes of the ST5 radiation, which demonstrate strong geographic clustering, the poultry ST5 clade was distributed in different continents, consistent with wide dissemination via the global poultry industry distribution network. The poultry ST5 clade has undergone genetic diversification from its human progenitor strain by acquisition of novel mobile genetic elements from an avian-specific accessory gene pool, and by the inactivation of several proteins important for human disease pathogenesis. These genetic events have resulted in enhanced resistance to killing by chicken heterophils, reflecting avian host-adaptive evolution. Taken together, we have determined the evolutionary history of a major new animal pathogen that has undergone rapid avian host adaptation and intercontinental dissemination. These data provide a new paradigm for the impact of human activities on the emergence of animal pathogens.