FUSED-QUARTZ EXTENSOMETER FOR SECULAR, TIDAL, AND SEISMIC STRAINS
FUSED-QUARTZ EXTENSOMETER FOR SECULAR, TIDAL, AND SEISMIC STRAINS
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用于测量长期应变、潮汐应变和地震应变的熔融石英引伸计
DOI：
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发表时间：
1959
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Benioff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Benioff
描述了位于南加州道尔顿峡谷和伊莎贝拉山隧道中的两台熔融石英引伸计，旨在观测长周期地震波应变、地球潮汐应变和长期应变。它们主要由用于通过与熔融石英管的长度标准进行比较来测量和记录两个桥墩间距变化的仪器组成。长期应变的灵敏度（定义为最小可检测应变增量）约为 10^(−7)。对于潮汐和地震波应变，灵敏度更高——记录仪的 1 毫米偏转代表 5.2 × 10^(−10) 的应变增量。在这两种情况下，最大可用灵敏度都受到风、气压变化、地面表面层温度变化以及地下水饱和度变化产生的地面应变不稳定或噪声的限制。
A description is given of two fused-quartz extensometers located in mountain tunnels at Dalton Canyon and Isabella in Southern California and designed for observing long-period seismic-wave strains, earth tidal strains, and secular strains. They consist essentially of instruments for measuring and recording variations in the separation of two piers by comparison with a length standard of fused-quartz tubing. The sensitivity for secular strains, denned as the least detectable strain increment, is approximately 10^(−7). For tidal and seismic-wave strains, the sensitivity is higher—a 1-mm deflection of the recorder represents a strain increment of 5.2 × 10^(−10). In both cases the maximum usable sensitivity is limited by ground-strain unrest or noise, generated by wind, barometric-pressure variations, temperature variations of the surface layers of the ground, and variations in ground-water saturation.