Connectomics and epilepsy.
Connectomics and epilepsy.
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DOI：
10.1097/wco.0b013e32835ee5b8
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Mody I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Engel J Jr;Thompson PM;Stern JM;Staba RJ;Bragin A;Mody I
近年来，在离子通道和神经递质水平上阐明癫痫的基本机制方面取得了巨大进展。然而，癫痫最终是一种神经元和神经元组之间在系统水平上功能和/或结构异常连接的疾病。神经影像学和电生理学的最新进展现在使得研究整个大脑的结构和功能连接成为可能，这些技术目前正用于研究表现为大脑功能整体紊乱的疾病。癫痫就是这样一种疾病，我们对癫痫发展和癫痫发作产生的潜在机制的理解无疑将受益于利用这些连接组学方法的研究。使用扩散张量成像的 MRI 可提供结构信息，而功能性 MRI 和脑电图可提供有关整个大脑水平连接性的功能信息。光遗传学、示踪剂、电生理学方法和钙成像提供局部电路水平的连接信息。这些方法揭示了癫痫异常背后的重要神经网络紊乱。要了解癫痫发展和癫痫发作产生的基本机制，需要描述整个大脑的异常功能和结构连接。连接组学领域现在提供了实现这一目标的方法。
Tremendous advances have occurred in recent years in elucidating basic mechanisms of epilepsy at the level of ion channels and neurotransmitters. Epilepsy, however, is ultimately a disease of functionally and/or structurally aberrant connections between neurons and groups of neurons at the systems level. Recent advances in neuroimaging and electrophysiology now make it possible to investigate structural and functional connectivity of the entire brain, and these techniques are currently being used to investigate diseases that manifest as global disturbances of brain function. Epilepsy is such a disease, and our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of epilepsy and the generation of epileptic seizures will undoubtedly benefit from research utilizing these connectomic approaches. MRI using diffusion tensor imaging provides structural information, whereas functional MRI and electroencephalography provide functional information about connectivity at the whole brain level. Optogenetics, tracers, electrophysiological approaches, and calcium imaging provide connectivity information at the level of local circuits. These approaches are revealing important neuronal network disturbances underlying epileptic abnormalities. An understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying the development of epilepsy and the generation of epileptic seizures will require delineation of the aberrant functional and structural connections of the whole brain. The field of connectomics now provides approaches to accomplish this.