Field margins in northern Europe: their functions and interactions with agriculture
Field margins in northern Europe: their functions and interactions with agriculture
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0167-8809(01)00315-2
复制
发表时间：
2002-04-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Moonen, AC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marshall, EJR;Moonen, AC
大多数农业景观是由农民的田地、半自然生境、人类基础设施（如道路）和偶尔的自然生境组成的马赛克。在这样的景观中，线性的半自然栖息地通常定义了农田的边缘。本文综述了这些成分在植物植物群内和植物群之间的作用和相互作用。在温带，集约农业，这些领域的边缘栖息地，历史上有真正的农业功能，现在是生物多样性的重要避难所。作为人造栖息地，田边也可能具有重要的文化作用，作为我们景观遗产的一部分，例如英国的树篱。虽然田地边缘通常不是特定的栖息地类型，但它们包含各种结构的各种植物群落。研究表明，农田与其边缘之间存在着多种相互作用。农业作业，如施肥和施用农药，对植物群有影响。一些边缘植物群可能蔓延到作物中，成为田间杂草。边缘也有一系列相关的动物，其中一些可能是有害物种，而许多是有益的。作为农作物授粉者或害虫捕食者。在景观尺度上，边缘的生物多样性对于维持较高营养级的物种，特别是农田鸟类可能特别重要。边际通过增加作物中的有益物种和减少农药的使用，有助于生产的可持续性。在欧洲西北部，已经采用了各种方法来提高农田边缘的多样性，包括播种草和花带。这些对杂草植物群和节肢动物的影响表明，尽管存在冲突，但主要是有益的影响，特别是对稀有可耕地杂草物种的保护。(C)2002爱思唯尔科技有限公司。保留所有权利。
Most agricultural landscapes are a mosaic of farmers' fields, semi-natural habitats, human infrastructures (e.g. roads) and occasional natural habitats. Within such landscapes, linear semi-natural habitats often define the edges of agricultural fields. This paper reviews the role and interactions within and between the flora of these elements. In temperate, intensive agriculture, such field margin habitats, which historically had true agricultural functions, now are important refugia for biodiversity. As manmade habitats, field margins may also have important cultural roles as part of our landscape heritage, e.g. hedges in Britain. Whilst field margins are not usually specific habitat types, they contain a variety of plant communities in a variety of structures. These may range from aquatic elements to ruderal and woodland communities.Studies demonstrate a variety of interactions between fields and their margins. Agricultural operations, such as fertiliser and pesticide application, have effects on the flora. Some margin flora may spread into crops, becoming field weeds. Margins also have a range of associated fauna, some of which may be pest species, while many are beneficial. either as crop pollinators or as pest predators. The biodiversity of the margin may be of particular importance for the maintenance of species at higher trophic levels, notably farmland birds, at the landscape scale. Margins contribute to the sustainability of production, by enhancing beneficial species within crops and reducing pesticide use. In northwestern Europe, a variety of methods to enhance diversity at field edges have been introduced, including sown grass and flower strips. The impact of these on weed flora and arthropods indicate mostly beneficial effects though conflicts exist, notably for the conservation of rare arable weed species. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.