Exploring the neurological substrate of emotional and social intelligence
Exploring the neurological substrate of emotional and social intelligence
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/brain/awg177
复制
发表时间：
2003-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
Bechara, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bar-On, R;Tranel, D;Bechara, A
躯体标记假说认为，情绪信号(躯体状态)的缺陷会导致决策中的错误判断，特别是在个人和社会领域。与这一假设类似的是情绪智力的概念，它被定义为一系列情绪和社交能力、能力和技能，使个人能够应对日常需求，并在个人和社交生活中更有效率。前额叶腹内侧(Vm)皮质受损的患者有缺陷的躯体标记，往往在决策时做出糟糕的判断，这尤其体现在他们在个人生活和与他人交往的方式上通常做出的不利选择。此外，杏仁核或岛叶皮质的损害，特别是右侧，也会影响躯体状态的激活和决策。这表明，VM、杏仁核和岛区是参与躯体状态激活和决策的神经系统的一部分。我们假设，这些患者在现实生活决策中的严重损害，以及无法有效应对环境和社会需求，将反映在情绪和社会智力的异常水平上。对12例双侧Vm皮质局灶性稳定病变或右侧杏仁核或右侧岛叶病变患者进行了情商问卷(EQ-I)测试，EQ-I是情绪和社会智力各方面的标准化心理测量学测量工具。我们还对这些患者进行了各种其他程序的检查，这些程序旨在衡量决策(赌博任务)、社会功能以及人格变化和精神病理；标准化的神经心理学测试也被应用于评估他们的认知智力、执行功能、知觉和记忆。他们的结果与11名患者的结果进行了比较，这些患者在神经回路外的结构中有局灶性、稳定性损害，被认为是介导躯体状态激活和决策的。只有躯体标记回路受损的患者表现出显著的低情绪智力和决策判断不良以及社会功能障碍，尽管认知智力(IQ)水平正常，且没有基于DSM-IV标准的精神病理学。这些发现提供了初步证据，表明情绪和社交智力不同于认知智力。此外，我们认为，在决策中支持躯体状态激活和个人判断的神经系统可能与服务于情绪和社会智力的神经回路的关键组件重叠，独立于支持认知智能的神经系统。
The somatic marker hypothesis posits that deficits in emotional signalling (somatic states) lead to poor judgment in decision-making, especially in the personal and social realms. Similar to this hypothesis is the concept of emotional intelligence, which has been defined as an array of emotional and social abilities, competencies and skills that enable individuals to cope with daily demands and be more effective in their personal and social life. Patients with lesions to the ventromedial (VM) prefrontal cortex have defective somatic markers and tend to exercise poor judgment in decision-making, which is especially manifested in the disadvantageous choices they typically make in their personal lives and in the ways in which they relate with others. Furthermore, lesions to the amygdala or insular cortices, especially on the right side, also compromise somatic state activation and decision-making. This suggests that the VM, amygdala and insular regions are part of a neural system involved in somatic state activation and decision-making. We hypothesized that the severe impairment of these patients in real-life decision-making and an inability to cope effectively with environmental and social demands would be reflected in an abnormal level of emotional and social intelligence. Twelve patients with focal, stable bilateral lesions of the VM cortex or with right unilateral lesions of the amygdala or the right insular cortices, were tested on the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), a standardized psychometric measure of various aspects of emotional and social intelligence. We also examined these patients with various other procedures designed to measure decision-making (the Gambling Task), social functioning, as well as personality changes and psychopathology; standardized neuropsychological tests were applied to assess their cognitive intelligence, executive functioning, perception and memory as well. Their results were compared with those of 11 patients with focal, stable lesions in structures outside the neural circuitry thought to mediate somatic state activation and decision-making. Only patients with lesions in the somatic marker circuitry revealed significantly low emotional intelligence and poor judgment in decision-making as well as disturbances in social functioning, in spite of normal levels of cognitive intelligence (IQ) and the absence of psychopathology based on DSM-IV criteria. The findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting that emotional and social intelligence is different from cognitive intelligence. We suggest, moreover, that the neural systems supporting somatic state activation and personal judgment in decision-making may overlap with critical components of a neural circuitry subserving emotional and social intelligence, independent of the neural system supporting cognitive intelligence.