A LN2-based cooling system for a next-generation liquid xenon dark matter detector
A LN2-based cooling system for a next-generation liquid xenon dark matter detector
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DOI：
10.1007/s41365-020-00786-7
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发表时间：
2020-07
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
K. Giboni;P. Juyal;E. Aprile;Yun Zhang;J. Naganoma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Giboni;P. Juyal;E. Aprile;Yun Zhang;J. Naganoma
近年来，在目标质量在 100-1000 kg 范围内的暗物质 (DM) 探测器的发展推动下，液氙 (LXe) 探测器的冷却技术取得了进步。基于 LXe 的下一代 DM 探测器将在 50,000 kg（50 t）范围内，需要超过 1 kW 的冷却功率。大多数现有的冷却方法在这个水平上变得不切实际。为了冷却 50 吨规模的 LXe 探测器，提出了一种方法，其中小型局部储液器中的液氮 (LN2) 通过指形冷冻器冷却氙气。指形冷器包含一个加热装置以提供温度调节。所提出的冷却方法简单、可靠，适合稀有事件搜索所需的长期运行。该设备可以轻松集成到现有的冷却系统中，例如用于 PandaX I 和 II 实验的“冷却总线”。仍然可以间接冷却，而冷却或温度控制系统的任何部分都不会与检测器中的清洁氙气直接接触。此外，冷却装置可以远距离安装，即在5-10 m的距离外对探测器进行远程冷却。该方法在哥伦比亚大学的实验室装置中进行了测试，使用小型 LXe 探测器进行不同的测量，结果与预期完全一致。
In recent years, cooling technology for liquid xenon (LXe) detectors has advanced driven by the development of dark matter (DM) detectors with target mass in the 100–1000 kg range. The next generation of DM detectors based on LXe will be in the 50,000 kg (50 t) range requiring more than 1 kW of cooling power. Most of the prior cooling methods become impractical at this level. For cooling a 50 t scale LXe detector, a method is proposed in which liquid nitrogen (LN2) in a small local reservoir cools the xenon gas via a cold finger. The cold finger incorporates a heating unit to provide temperature regulation. The proposed cooling method is simple, reliable, and suitable for the required long-term operation for a rare event search. The device can be easily integrated into present cooling systems, for example the “Cooling Bus” employed for the PandaX I and II experiments. It is still possible to cool indirectly with no part of the cooling or temperature control system getting in direct contact with the clean xenon in the detector. Also, the cooling device can be mounted at a large distance, i.e., the detector is cooled remotely from a distance of 5–10 m. The method was tested in a laboratory setup at Columbia University to carry out different measurements with a small LXe detector and behaved exactly as predicted.