Highlights from liquid salts for energy and materials - Faraday Discussion, Ningbo, China, 11-13 May 2016.
Highlights from liquid salts for energy and materials - Faraday Discussion, Ningbo, China, 11-13 May 2016.
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DOI：
10.1039/c6cc90442d
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发表时间：
2016-10
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Bamidele Akinwolemiwa;Linpo Yu;Di Hu;Xianbo Jin;John M. Slattery;G. Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bamidele Akinwolemiwa;Linpo Yu;Di Hu;Xianbo Jin;John M. Slattery;G. Chen
1834年，迈克尔·法拉第报告了他第一次发现电解定律，主要是通过熔盐实验。虽然它具有悠久的历史，但液体盐的主题仍然是一个不断增长的领域，具有不同的兴趣，包括但不限于氧化物熔体，离子液体和深共熔溶剂。在当前人类文明面临的全球挑战的背景下，能源技术和提供这些技术所需的辅助材料至关重要，而液态盐将在其中发挥关键作用。然而，他们也发现了很多其他地方的应用机会，例如，在热能，电化学和核能应用中。即使是化石能源相关的二氧化碳捕获、转化和利用也可以在基于液体盐的工艺和设备中有效地进行。由于其工作温度范围广，液体盐可以在不使用贵金属催化剂的情况下改善反应动力学，改善电解电流的离子电导率，从而提高能源效率，并在不使用挥发性有机溶剂的情况下减少许多材料生产和加工技术对环境的影响。然而，技术进步在很大程度上依赖于对基础科学的正确理解。了解液体盐的物理化学特别重要，以便在一系列应用中发挥其潜力。鉴于有大量不同的液体盐具有非常不同的性质，对这些材料的研究导致了一个令人兴奋和多样化的领域。然而，尽管液体盐化学的不同领域之间存在差异，但所有盐之间仍然存在联系，正如法拉第自己很久以前所确定的那样，因为相反电荷的离子形成库仑连续体。这种联系为所有液体盐研究人员提供了一些共同点。由于与迈克尔法拉第有着如此独特的历史联系，英国皇家化学学会批准了熔融盐讨论小组（MSDG）的提议，举行一次关于“能源和材料的液体盐-法拉第讨论”的会议，旨在为所有科学家和工程师提供一个独特的机会，讨论和辩论过去的发现和未来的发展有关的理解和应用的液体盐在很宽的温度范围内，从发光的红色到低温条件，和各种各样的应用。来自英国、挪威、斯洛伐克、澳大利亚、日本和中国的100多名与会者（包括博士生、研究员、学术机构研究小组负责人、实业家、地方官员和RSC管理人员）聚集在中国沿海城市宁波，参加能源和材料用液体盐-法拉第讨论会（注册过程快照见图1a）。为期三天的会议于2016年5月11日开始，由中国宁波诺丁汉大学（UNNC）主办，并得到了皇家化学学会（通过MSDG）和宁波市科学技术协会的支持。在这次会议的活动包括有力的科学话语和一些从事社会互动，这是这些法拉第讨论的特点，在化学和物理科学界具有超过100年的历史高度认可的一系列会议。本次法拉第研讨会的主题是液体盐的基础研究和应用，液体盐可以被认为是任何温度下液相中“离子或离子物质”的广义名称。因此，LS是离子液体（IL）和熔融物的统称a化学与环境工程系，和可持续能源技术中心，科学与工程学院，宁波诺丁汉大学，中国宁波315100，中国B化学与分子科学学院，电化学电源湖北省重点实验室，武汉大学，武汉，430072，P. R. c约克大学化学系，Heslington，约克YO 10 5DD，英国d诺丁汉大学工程学院化学与环境工程系，诺丁汉NG 7 2 RD，英国。E-mail：乔治. nottingham.ac.uk DOI：10.1039/c6cc90442d
In 1834, Michael Faraday reported his first discovery of the law of electrolysis, mostly through experiments in molten salts. Although it has a long history the subject of liquid salts has remained a growing field with diverse interests, including, but not limited to, oxide melts, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents. In the context of the global challenges facing the present human civilisation, energy technologies and the supporting materials required to deliver these technologies are crucial, and liquid salts will play a key role here. However, they also find a great many opportunities for applications elsewhere, for example, in thermal, electrochemical, and nuclear energy applications. Even fossilenergy-related CO2 capture, conversion and utilisation can be accommodated efficiently in liquid-salt-based processes and devices. Thanks to their great range of working temperatures, liquid salts can offer significant benefits to improving reaction kinetics in the absence of precious metal catalysts, ionic conductivity to electrolysis current, and hence energy efficiency, and also to reducing environmental impact for many materials production and processing technologies without using volatile organic solvents. However, technological advancement relies heavily on a sound understanding of the underlying science. It is particularly important to understand the physical chemistry of liquid salts in order to deliver their potential in a range of applications. Given that there are a huge number of different liquid salts with quite different properties, the study of these materials leads to an exciting and diverse field. However, despite the differences between different areas of liquid salt chemistry there is still a link between all salts, as identified by Faraday himself long ago, in that the ions of opposite charges form a coulombic continuum. This link provides some common ground for all liquid salt researchers. With such a unique and historical link to Michael Faraday, the Royal Society of Chemistry approved the proposal from the Molten Salts Discussion Group (MSDG) to hold a conference on ‘‘Liquid Salts for Energy and Materials – Faraday Discussion’’, aiming to offer a unique opportunity for all scientists and engineers to present, discuss and debate on past discoveries and future developments in relation to the understanding and application of liquid salts across a wide temperature range, from glowing red to cryogenic conditions, and a diverse range of applications. Over 100 participants (including PhD students, research fellows, leaders of research groups in academic institutions, industrialists, local officials and RSC administration staff) from the UK, Norway, Slovakia, Australia, Japan and China, gathered at Ningbo, a coastal city in China, to participate in the Liquid Salts for Energy and Materials – Faraday Discussion (see Fig. 1a for a snapshot of the registration process). This three-day proceeding commenced on 11th May 2016, and was hosted by the University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC) with support from the Royal Society of Chemistry via the MSDG, and the Ningbo Association of Science and Technology. The activities in this conference included vigorous scientific discourses and some engaging social interactions, which is characteristic of these Faraday Discussions, a series of highly recognised conferences in the chemical and physical science communities with over 100 years of history. The theme of this Faraday Discussion in Ningbo was centred on fundamental studies and the applications of liquid salts (LSs), which could be considered as a broad name for ‘‘ions or ionic matter’’ in the liquid phase at any temperature. As such, LS is a collective term for ionic liquid (IL) and molten a Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Centre for Sustainable Energy Technologies, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China b College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China c Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK d Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. E-mail: george.chen@nottingham.ac.uk DOI: 10.1039/c6cc90442d