New Capabilities of the FLUKA Multi-Purpose Code
New Capabilities of the FLUKA Multi-Purpose Code
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DOI：
10.3389/fphy.2021.788253
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发表时间：
2022-01-27
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Widorski, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahdida, C.;Bozzato, D.;Widorski, M.
FLUKA是一个通用的蒙特卡罗程序，能够描述从热中子到超相对论强子碰撞的能量范围内任何粒子和核类型在复杂几何形状中的传输和相互作用。它在加速器设计、探测器研究、剂量测定、辐射防护、医学物理和空间研究中有许多不同的应用。2019年，CERN和INFN作为FLUKA版权所有者，共同决定结束他们的正式合作框架，允许他们从此追求不同的途径，旨在满足FLUKA用户社区不断变化的需求，并确保代码的长期可持续性。为此，CERN成立了FLUKA.CERN协作（1）。本文阐述了在新的许可条件下，FLUKA.CERN协作（2）发布的代码中新发布或当前实现的物理过程，这些许可条件旨在进一步促进代码的访问以及相互比较。高能强子束在晶体器件中所经历的相干效应的描述，与有前途的束操纵技术有关，以及带电粒子在受电场作用的真空区域中的跟踪，克服了以前的不足，已经提供给用户。其他功能，即不同种类的低能氘相互作用以及在磁场作用下的真空区域中带电粒子传输过程中的同步辐射发射，目前正在进行系统测试和基准测试，然后再发布。FLUKA被广泛用于评估放射生物学效应，Flair图形界面提供了强大的支持，其新一代（可在http://flair.cem上获得）现在提供了额外的功能，例如，具有照片级真实感渲染的高级3D可视化，并支持医学体模的行业标准体积可视化。FLUKA还在电子设备工作的辐射环境的表征方面发挥了广泛的作用。与此同时，它已被用于评估电子设备对各种条件的响应，这些条件未包括在空间和加速器的辐射测试准则和标准中，并且无法通过传统的地面测试获得。在可能的情况下，从各种辐射类型和能量的单粒子效应（SEE）模拟和基准测试中获得了具有指导意义的结果。代码已经达到了高度的成熟度，FLUKA.CERN协作计划对其现有架构进行实质性的改进。向现代编程语言迈进，可以克服限制开发选择的基本限制。除了通过更严格的科学监督来改善和扩展其物理性能外，我们的长期目标是使其结构现代化，以更容易地整合独立贡献，并通过最先进的软件部署技术来正式化质量保证。这包括一个持续的集成管道，以自动验证代码库，以及自动处理和分析定制的物理案例测试套件。关于上述目标，目前设想了几种途径，例如在核心结构和界面层面上与Geant 4协同增效，这种方式为用户提供了使用相同输入运行不同Monte Carlo代码并交叉检查结果的可能性。
FLUKA is a general purpose Monte Carlo code able to describe the transport and interaction of any particle and nucleus type in complex geometries over an energy range extending from thermal neutrons to ultrarelativistic hadron collisions. It has many different applications in accelerator design, detector studies, dosimetry, radiation protection, medical physics, and space research. In 2019, CERN and INFN, as FLUKA copyright holders, together decided to end their formal collaboration framework, allowing them henceforth to pursue different pathways aimed at meeting the evolving requirements of the FLUKA user community, and at ensuring the long term sustainability of the code. To this end, CERN set up the FLUKA.CERN Collaboration (1) . This paper illustrates the physics processes that have been newly released or are currently implemented in the code distributed by the FLUKA.CERN Collaboration (2) under new licensing conditions that are meant to further facilitate access to the code, as well as intercomparisons. The description of coherent effects experienced by high energy hadron beams in crystal devices, relevant to promising beam manipulation techniques, and the charged particle tracking in vacuum regions subject to an electric field, overcoming a former lack, have already been made available to the users. Other features, namely the different kinds of low energy deuteron interactions as well as the synchrotron radiation emission in the course of charged particle transport in vacuum regions subject to magnetic fields, are currently undergoing systematic testing and benchmarking prior to release. FLUKA is widely used to evaluate radiobiological effects, with the powerful support of the Flair graphical interface, whose new generation (Available at http://flair.cem) offers now additional capabilities, e.g., advanced 3D visualization with photorealistic rendering and support for industry-standard volume visualization of medical phantoms. FLUKA has also been playing an extensive role in the characterization of radiation environments in which electronics operate. In parallel, it has been used to evaluate the response of electronics to a variety of conditions not included in radiation testing guidelines and standards for space and accelerators, and not accessible through conventional ground level testing. Instructive results have been obtained from Single Event Effects (SEE) simulations and benchmarks, when possible, for various radiation types and energies. The code has reached a high level of maturity, from which the FLUKA.CERN Collaboration is planning a substantial evolution of its present architecture. Moving towards a modern programming language allows to overcome fundamental constraints that limited development options. Our long term goal, in addition to improving and extending its physics performances with even more rigorous scientific oversight, is to modernize its structure to integrate independent contributions more easily and to formalize quality assurance through state-of-the-art software deployment techniques. This includes a continuous integration pipeline to automatically validate the codebase as well as automatic processing and analysis of a tailored physics-case test suite. With regard to the aforementioned objectives, several paths are currently envisaged, like finding synergies with Geant4, both at the core structure and interface level, this way offering the user the possibility to run with the same input different Monte Carlo codes and crosscheck the results.