THE FUNCTIONAL-MORPHOLOGY OF CAUDAL VERTEBRAE IN NEW WORLD MONKEYS
THE FUNCTIONAL-MORPHOLOGY OF CAUDAL VERTEBRAE IN NEW WORLD MONKEYS
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.1330580414
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
GERMAN, RZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GERMAN, RZ
新世界的猴子在使用尾巴的方式和程度上有很大的不同。尾椎骨上的应力也会产生相应的变化。因此，不同的行为类型将有不同的尾部形态。研究了几种新大陆猴的尾部形态，这些猴代表了从完全不灵活的尾巴到蜘蛛猴灵巧的第五肢的大范围能力。包括一个大身体，nonproxilesille-tailed旧世界的猴子，以抵消之间的相关性的大小和程度的新世界的猴子。这些猴子在物种内部和物种之间的尾椎数量和单个椎骨的长度不同。尽管有这种变化，尾椎的长度在一个给定的尾巴以恒定的速度减少跨物种。椎骨在两个点（即骨中部和近端）的宽度将有尾猴与无尾猴区分开来。椎骨的中部更宽，在燕尾形的形式中更坚固。这与尾部承受更大压力的骨骼更强壮有关。握尾猴的每块骨头的近端宽度也更大。该测量反映了近端横突的侧向发育。这为外侧尾侧肌提供了更大的杠杆臂，意味着更大的旋转能力。
New World monkeys vary considerably in the manner and degree to which they use their tails. There ought to arise a corresponding variation in the stresses on caudal vertebrae. Consequently, different behavior types will have contrasting caudal morphologies. Caudal morphology of several New World monkeys representing the large range of ability from totally nonprehensile tails to the dexterous 5th limb of spider monkeys is studied. One large-bodied, nonprehensile-tailed Old World monkey is included to offset the correlation between size and degree of prehensility in New World monkeys. These monkeys vary within and between species as to the number of caudal vertebrae and the length of individual vertebrae. Despite this variation, the length of caudal vertebrae within a given tail decreases at a constant rate across species. The width of the vertebrae at 2 points, midbone and the proximal end, separates the monkeys with prehensile tails from those with nonprehensile tails. The middle of the vertebrae is wider and more robust in prehensile-tailed forms. This is associated with stronger bones in tails subject to greater stress. The proximal width of each bone is also greater in the prehensile-tailed monkeys. This measure reflects the lateral development of the proximal transverse process. This provides a larger lever arm for Masculus caudalis lateralis, implying greater rotational ability.