ICLab: A Global, Longitudinal Internet Censorship Measurement Platform
ICLab: A Global, Longitudinal Internet Censorship Measurement Platform
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DOI：
10.1109/sp40000.2020.00014
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发表时间：
2019-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Arian Akhavan Niaki;Shinyoung Cho;Zachary Weinberg;Nguyen Phong Hoang;Abbas Razaghpanah;Nicolas Christin;Phillipa Gill
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arian Akhavan Niaki;Shinyoung Cho;Zachary Weinberg;Nguyen Phong Hoang;Abbas Razaghpanah;Nicolas Christin;Phillipa Gill
研究人员研究互联网审查制度的时间几乎与审查内容的尝试发生的时间一样长。然而，大多数研究限于短时间和/或几个国家；少数例外情况是为了覆盖的广度而牺牲了细节。为全面、全球、纵向的视角收集足够的数据仍然是一项挑战。在这项工作中，我们介绍了ICLab，一个专门用于审查研究的互联网测量平台。它通过使用分布在世界各地的商业VPN作为有利位置，在覆盖范围和测量细节之间实现了新的平衡。ICLab自2016年底以来一直持续运营。它目前可以检测到DNS操纵和TCP数据包注入，以及公开的“阻止页面”，无论它们是如何传递的。ICLab记录和归档原始观察数据的详细信息，使采用新技术进行回溯性分析成为可能。在处理的每个阶段，ICLab都试图将误报和手动验证降至最低。在ICLab于2017年和2018年收集的53,906,532个单独网页的测量数据中，我们观察到60个国家/地区的3,602个唯一URL被屏蔽。使用这些数据，我们比较了在不同地区和/或针对不同类型的内容如何部署不同的拦截技术。我们的纵向监测准确地指出了印度和土耳其审查制度的变化与政治变化的同时，我们的集群技术发现了48个以前未知的区块页面。ICLab广泛而详细的测量还暴露了其他形式的网络干扰，如监视和恶意软件注入。
Researchers have studied Internet censorship for nearly as long as attempts to censor contents have taken place. Most studies have however been limited to a short period of time and / or a few countries; the few exceptions have traded off detail for breadth of coverage. Collecting enough data for a comprehensive, global, longitudinal perspective remains challenging.In this work, we present ICLab, an Internet measurement platform specialized for censorship research. It achieves a new balance between breadth of coverage and detail of measurements, by using commercial VPNs as vantage points distributed around the world. ICLab has been operated continuously since late 2016. It can currently detect DNS manipulation and TCP packet injection, and overt "block pages" however they are delivered. ICLab records and archives raw observations in detail, making retrospective analysis with new techniques possible. At every stage of processing, ICLab seeks to minimize false positives and manual validation.Within 53,906,532 measurements of individual web pages, collected by ICLab in 2017 and 2018, we observe blocking of 3,602 unique URLs in 60 countries. Using this data, we compare how different blocking techniques are deployed in different regions and/or against different types of content. Our longitudinal monitoring pinpoints changes in censorship in India and Turkey concurrent with political shifts, and our clustering techniques discover 48 previously unknown block pages. ICLab’s broad and detailed measurements also expose other forms of network interference, such as surveillance and malware injection.