Egg structure and embryonic development of arctoperlarian stoneflies: a comparative embryological study (Plecoptera)
Egg structure and embryonic development of arctoperlarian stoneflies: a comparative embryological study (Plecoptera)
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DOI：
10.3897/asp.76.e31940
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发表时间：
2018-04
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shodo Mtow;R. Machida
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shodo Mtow;R. Machida
本文报道了九科九种石蝇的卵结构和胚胎发育，对真颚类中的盾尾科、带尾科、雅罗鱼科、Capniidae、Nemouridae和统颚类中的鲈科、绿鲈科、鲈科、盾鲈科进行了研究，并与前人的研究进行了比较。本研究的主要目的是利用胚胎学资料重建鳞翅目和多新翅目的地面平面和生殖发育。真颚类的卵具有薄而透明的绒毛膜，而系统颚类的卵则在后极具有颈圈和锚板。这些特征代表了每个组的同构平面图。胚盘细胞向卵的后极集中形成胚胎。在胚胎形成后不久，羊膜囊形成并相互融合，形成球形的“胚胎-羊膜复合体”，这是一种潜在的鳞翅目自形性。作为多新翅目的一种胚胎自形现象，胚胎伸长发生在卵表面，支持了鳞翅目与多新翅目的亲缘关系。胚胎在卵表面伸长后，沉入蛋黄，其头端和尾端留在卵表面。这种独特的胚胎姿态可以被认为是一种同形的基平面。背腹轴在背腹轴上的变化主要表现为三种类型：1）背腹轴与背腹轴在背腹轴上的变化是相反的，主要见于Capniidae、Nemouridae、Perlidae、Chloroperlidae和Perlodidae，这种变化是共形的;（2）第二种是在潜育过程中胚胎的中轴不发生变化，主要见于Scopuridae、Taeniopteridae和Leuctridae，3）第三种类型，即在裂位过程中胚胎绕前后轴旋转90°，见于盾鲈科，这一类型可能与这两个科同形。
Egg structure and embryonic development of nine arctoperlarian stoneflies from nine families, i.e., Scopuridae, Taeniopterygidae, Leuctridae, Capniidae, and Nemouridae of Euholognatha, and Perlidae, Chloroperlidae, Perlodidae, and Peltoperlidae of Systellognatha were examined and compared with previous studies. The primary aim of this study was to use embryological data to reconstruct the groundplan and phylogeny of Plecoptera and Polyneoptera. Euholognatha has eggs characterized by a thin, transparent chorion, while the eggs of Systellognatha are characterized by a collar and anchor plate at the posterior pole. These features represent an apomorphic groundplan for each group. The embryos form by the concentration of blastoderm cells toward the posterior pole of the egg. Soon after the formation of the embryo, amnioserosal folds form and fuse with each other, resulting in a ball-shaped “embryo-amnion composite” that is a potential autapomorphy of Plecoptera. As an embryological autapomorphy of Polyneoptera, embryo elongation occurs on the egg surface, supporting the affiliation of Plecoptera to Polyneoptera. After its elongation on the egg surface, the embryo sinks into the yolk with its cephalic and caudal ends remaining on the egg surface. This unique embryonic posture may be regarded as an apomorphic groundplan of Plecoptera. Arctoperlarian plecopterans perform three types of katatrepsis: 1) the first type, in which the embryo’s anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes change in reverse during katatrepsis, is found in Capniidae, Nemouridae, Perlidae, Chloroperlidae, and Perlodidae, and this sharing is symplesiomorphic; 2) the second one, in which the embryo’s axes are not changed during katatrepsis, is found in Scopuridae, Taeniopterygidae, and Leuctridae, and this may be regarded as synapomorphic to them; 3) the third one, in which the embryo rotates around its anteroposterior axis by 90° during katatrepsis as known for Pteronarcyidae, is found in Peltoperlidae, and this type may be synapomorphic to these two families.