Changes in the Microbiome ofCryptosporidium-Infected Mice Correlate to Differences in Susceptibility and Infection Levels
Changes in the Microbiome ofCryptosporidium-Infected Mice Correlate to Differences in Susceptibility and Infection Levels
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DOI：
10.3390/microorganisms8060879
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Mead, Jan R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Charania, Raheela;Wade, Brandy E.;Mead, Jan R.
隐孢子虫属是机会性原生动物寄生虫，感染小肠上皮细胞，导致人类腹泻疾病。严重程度的差异可能是由于宿主的免疫状态、营养不良或既往暴露，但也可能是由于宿主肠道植物群的差异。我们检查了抗生素治疗后细菌植物群的变化，以确定微生物群的改变如何影响隐孢子虫感染和肠道完整性。在感染高峰期从粪便和肠道样品中提取DNA。产生V4区扩增子并使用16sRNA在Illumina MiSeq上测序。物种均匀度和丰富度采用Shannon多样性指数进行估计。有一个显着的减少厌氧菌和过度生长的肠杆菌科在小鼠治疗氯唑西林。我们还检查了粪便样本中短链脂肪酸的水平。在这些小鼠中，乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐显著减少。与细菌感染的转变同时，隐孢子虫感染的严重程度显著增加，肠道通透性增加。使用其他抗生素治疗显着改变了微生物组，但没有改变感染，这表明宿主微生物组的特定改变可以使寄生虫更有利地生长。
Cryptosporidiumspp. are opportunistic protozoan parasites that infect epithelial cells of the small intestine, causing diarrheal illness in humans. Differences in severity may be due to the immunological status of the host, malnutrition or prior exposure but may also be due to differences in the host gut flora. We examined changes in bacterial flora following antibiotic treatment to determine how cryptosporidial infections and gut integrity were affected by alterations in the microbiome. DNA was extracted from fecal and intestinal samples during peak infection. V4 region amplicons were generated and sequenced using 16sRNA on an Illumina MiSeq. Species evenness and richness were estimated using the Shannon diversity index. There was a significant decrease in anaerobes and overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae in mice treated with cloxacillin. We also examined levels of short-chain fatty acids in fecal samples. There was a significant decrease in acetate, propionate, and butyrate in these same mice. Concurrent with the shift in bacterial infection was a significant increase in severity of cryptosporidial infection and increase in gut permeability. Treatment with other antibiotics significantly altered the microbiome but did not change the infection, suggesting that specific alterations in the host microbiome allow for more favorable growth of the parasite.