Aging, migration, and mortality: Current status of research on the Hispanic paradox
Aging, migration, and mortality: Current status of research on the Hispanic paradox
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/60.special_issue_2.s68
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发表时间：
2005-10-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Eschbach, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Markides, KS;Eschbach, K
目标。我们回顾了最近关于西班牙裔死亡率悖论的最新证据。对最近使用生命统计数据、与国家死亡指数相关联的国家社区调查、与社会保障管理局NUDIMENT文件中维护的社会保障卡申请记录相关联的医疗保险数据以及通过区域研究进行的死亡率跟踪的研究进行了严格的回顾。基于生命统计数据的数据显示，与所有拉美裔白人的总和相比，非拉美裔白人的死亡率优势最大。这一优势在老年人中最大。与国家死亡指数相关的国家社区调查显示，这一优势正在缩小，一项研究表明，墨西哥原籍死亡率优势可归因于健康状况较差的移民有选择地返回墨西哥。避免了其他数据集问题的Medicare-NUDIMENT数据也显示出在西班牙裔老年人中的死亡率优势，尽管这种优势比使用生命统计方法发现的要低得多。尽管一些研究最近开始质疑是否所有拉美裔群体确实都享有死亡率优势，但大多数证据继续支持墨西哥裔美国人至少在老年，尤其是在老年，至少在男性中享有死亡率优势，这可能部分(尽管是间接的)支持选择性回归移民或“鲑鱼偏向”效应。有必要进一步探讨选择性回返移民效应的存在，扩大数据库，纳入更多来自不同拉美裔血统的受试者。到目前为止，大多数证据仍然支持西语裔悖论，至少在墨西哥裔人中是这样，并呼吁对这一有趣和非常重要的现象给予更多关注。
Objective. We reviewed recent evidence on the apparent Hispanic mortality paradox.Methods. Recent studies using vital statistics, national community surveys linked to the National Death Index, Medicare data linked to application records for social security cards maintained in the Social Security Administration NUDIMENT file, and mortality follow-up by regional studies are reviewed critically.Results. Data based on vital statistics show the greatest mortality advantage compared with non-Hispanic Whites for all Hispanics combined. The advantage is greatest among older people. National Community Surveys linked to the National Death Index show a narrowing of the advantage, and one study suggests that the Mexican Origin mortality advantage can be attributed to selective return migration of less healthy immigrants to Mexico. The Medicare-NUDIMENT data that avoid problems of other data sets also show an advantage in mortality among Hispanic elders, although the advantage is considerably lower than is found using the vital statistics method.Discussion. Although some research has recently begun to question whether indeed all Hispanic groups enjoy a mortality advantage, the majority of the evidence continues to support a mortality advantage at a minimum among Mexican Americans and especially in old age, at least among men, which may provide partial, albeit indirect, support for a selective return migration or "salmon bias" effect. There is a need to further explore the existence of a selective return migration effect with expanded data bases that include more subjects from the various Hispanic origins. To date, the majority of the evidence continues to support the Hispanic paradox at least among people of Mexican origin and calls for additional attention to this interesting and highly important phenomenon.