Perceptual Learning and Inversion Effects: Recognition of Prototype-Defined Familiar Checkerboards
Perceptual Learning and Inversion Effects: Recognition of Prototype-Defined Familiar Checkerboards
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DOI：
10.1037/xan0000013
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
McLaren, I. P. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Civile, Ciro;Zhao, Di;McLaren, I. P. L.
与通常被认为是特定于面部刺激的直立方向的面孔相比，面孔反转效应是在识别反转面孔时的表现上的缺陷。McLaren(1997)证明了：(A)从熟悉的类别中抽取样本可以获得倒置效应，因此直立样本比倒置样本能够更好地区分；以及(B)倒置效应要求对熟悉的类别进行原型定义。在这篇文章中，我们重复和扩展了这些发现。我们证明了反转效应可以在标准的旧/新再认记忆范式中获得，证明了它取决于对原型定义的范畴的熟悉，并建立了这种效应由两个成分组成。我们确认了从熟悉的原型定义的类别中提取直立样本的优势，并表明从这个类别中提取的倒置样本相对于合适的对照存在劣势。我们还提供了证据，表明这种效应存在N170事件相关潜在特征。这些结果使我们能够将最初由McLaren，Kaye和Mackintosh(1989)提出的知觉学习理论与对面孔反转效应的解释相结合，该效应首先由Yen报道。
The face inversion effect is a defection in performance in recognizing inverted faces compared with faces presented in their usual upright orientation typically believed to be specific for facial stimuli. McLaren (1997) was able to demonstrate that (a) an inversion effect could be obtained with exemplars drawn from a familiar category, such that upright exemplars were better discriminated than inverted exemplars; and (b) that the inversion effect required that the familiar category be prototype-defined. In this article, we replicate and extend these findings. We show that the inversion effect can be obtained in a standard old/new recognition memory paradigm, demonstrate that it is contingent on familiarization with a prototype-defined category, and establish that the effect is made up of two components. We confirm the advantage for upright exemplars drawn from a familiar, prototype-defined category, and show that there is a disadvantage for inverted exemplars drawn from this category relative to suitable controls. We also provide evidence that there is an N170 event-related potential signature for this effect. These results allow us to integrate a theory of perceptual learning originally proposed by McLaren, Kaye, and Mackintosh ( 1989) with explanations of the face inversion effect, first reported by Yin.