Methodological Challenges and Opportunities in Testing for Racial Discrimination in Policing
Methodological Challenges and Opportunities in Testing for Racial Discrimination in Policing
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警务中种族歧视测试的方法挑战和机遇
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-criminol-011518-024731
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Christopher Winship
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Roland Neil;Christopher Winship
存在大量实证研究试图确定警察是否存在基于种族的歧视行为。我们研究了通常所使用的方法是否能得出有效的推论。我们发现这些方法往往很可能无法得出有效推论，并且结果可能在两个方向上都与现实不符，即不存在歧视时却显示有歧视，或者实际上存在歧视时却显示没有歧视。其原因在于这些测试对警察行为所做的假设往往不合理。因此，不应使用最简单形式的基准测试和结果测试，尽管问题更为普遍。我们讨论了几种可能的方法来改进关于是否存在歧视的推论，比如采用匹配或加权技术以及使用新颖的、计算密集型的方法。
A large body of empirical research exists that attempts to determine whether or not police discriminate on the basis of race. We investigate whether the methods used typically produce valid inferences. We find that they often most likely do not and that results may diverge from reality in either direction, indicating discrimination when it is not present or alternatively indicating a lack of discrimination when it is in fact present. The reason for this is that tests make assumptions about police behavior that are often implausible. Because of this, the simplest forms of benchmark and outcome tests should not be used, although the problem is more general. We discuss several possible ways to improve inferences about the absence or presence of discrimination, such as employing matching or weighting techniques and using novel, computationally intensive methods.