The allometry of echolocation call frequencies of insectivorous bats: why do some species deviate from the pattern?
The allometry of echolocation call frequencies of insectivorous bats: why do some species deviate from the pattern?
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-007-0679-1
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Walker, Maryalice H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacobs, David S.;Barclay, Robert M. R.;Walker, Maryalice H.
食虫蝙蝠的峰值回声定位频率通常随着体型的增加而下降。然而，这一规则也有明显的例外，一些物种，如斜坡菊头蝠，其身体大小的峰值频率高于预期。这种异速生长的偏离可能与觅食生境(觅食生境假说)或昆虫猎物(猎物检测假说)的分割有关。或者，偏差可能与声纳频段的划分有关，以允许在社会环境中进行有效通信(声学通信假设)。我们通过在科、枝和种水平上的比较来检验这些假说的预测，并使用一般的鼻鱼物种和分布广泛的R.clivosus作为特定的测试案例。本文比较了斜纹夜蛾和同域毛虾的翅型参数、回声定位频率和生态。斜坡菊头蝠的回声定位频率比根据其翅膀负荷或身体质量预测的频率要高得多。此外，与觅食栖息地假说的预测相反，我们发现斜纹夜蛾和羊栖息地在觅食栖息地上没有差异。这两个物种捕获的昆虫猎物的大小范围也几乎完全重叠，这与猎物检测假说相反。另一方面，鼻鱼异速生长关系周围回声定位频率的变化小于Myotis spp.，支持声传播假说。因此，我们认为相对较高的峰值频率是声纳频段划分的结果，以最大限度地减少社会互动期间回声定位呼叫的模糊性。
The peak echolocation frequency of insectivorous bats generally declines as body size increases. However, there are notable exceptions to this rule, with some species, such as Rhinolophus clivosus, having a higher than expected peak frequency for their body size. Such deviations from allometry may be associated with partitioning of foraging habitat (the foraging habitat hypothesis) or insect prey (the prey detection hypothesis). Alternatively, the deviations may be associated with the partitioning of sonar frequency bands to allow effective communication in a social context (the acoustic communication hypothesis). We tested the predictions of these hypotheses through comparisons at the family, clade and species level, using species of rhinolophids in general and R. clivosus, a species with a wide distribution, as a specific test case. We compared the wing parameters, echolocation frequency and ecology of R. clivosus to those of the sympatric R. capensis. Rhinolophus clivosus has a much higher echolocation frequency than predicted from its wing loading or body mass. Furthermore, contrary to the predictions of the foraging habitat hypothesis, we found no difference in foraging habitat between R. clivosus and R. capensis. The size range of insect prey taken by the two species also overlapped almost completely, contrary to the prey detection hypothesis. On the other hand, the variation of echolocation frequencies around the allometric relationship for rhinolophids was smaller than that for Myotis spp., supporting the prediction of the acoustic communication hypothesis. We thus propose that the relatively high peak frequency of R. clivosus is the result of partitioning of sonar frequency bands to minimize the ambiguity of echolocation calls during social interactions.