Snow depth and woody debris drive variation in small‐mammal winter seed removal
Snow depth and woody debris drive variation in small‐mammal winter seed removal
复制标题
积雪深度和木质碎片导致小型哺乳动物冬季种子清除的变化
DOI：
10.1111/jvs.13007
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Orrock, John L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guiden, Peter W.;Orrock, John L.
目的在温带森林中，冬季气温的小幅上升可以导致积雪的大幅减少，这可能会改变植物与消费者的相互作用，如捕食种子。然而，小型哺乳动物对种子的捕食也可能受到当地栖息地结构的影响(例如，倒下的木质碎片)。我们测试了雪深对小型哺乳动物捕食种子的影响是否取决于可能影响小型哺乳动物觅食行为的栖息地结构(木质碎片)。位置在美国威斯康星州的北温带森林。方法我们在10个不同立地水平的环境木质碎片的地点进行了因子操作。在这些地点，我们监测了4种温带树种(冷杉、红枫、糖枫、松树)的种子去除情况。结果冬季种子去除的平均速度因树种不同而不同，积雪深度和木质碎屑的影响也不同。木质碎屑的存在减少了冷杉在除雪后地块中的香草籽清除。无论有无木质碎屑，除雪量都增加了枫树糖类种子的去除量。红枫种子的去除量在立地木质碎屑含量较高的地点最低，尤其是在积雪较少的地块。结论温暖的冬季温度可能会放大某些树种的种子清除，但木质碎屑的局部尺度不均一性可能会影响这种影响。由于木质碎屑和除雪对某些树种的影响比其他树种强得多，与未来积雪减少相关的种子清除的变化或森林管理的变化可能会加速森林构成的区域变化。
AimsIn temperate forests, small increases in winter temperature can lead to substantial decreases in snow accumulation, which may alter plant–consumer interactions such as seed predation. However, seed predation by small mammals may also be affected by local habitat structure (e.g., downed woody debris). We tested whether the effect of snow depth on seed predation by small mammals depends on habitat structure (woody debris) that may influence small‐mammal foraging behavior.LocationNorthern temperate forests in Wisconsin, USA.MethodsWe performed a factorial manipulation of snow depth and woody debris presence at 10 sites that differed in site‐level ambient woody debris. At these sites, we monitored seed removal of four temperate tree species (Abies balsamea,Acer rubrum,Acer saccharum,Pinus resinosa).ResultsMean rates of winter seed removal varied among species, as did the effects of snow depth and woody debris. The presence of woody debris decreasedAbies balsameaseed removal in plots with snow removed. Regardless of woody debris, snow removal increasedAcer saccharumseed removal.Acer rubrumseed removal was lowest at sites with high site‐level woody debris volume, especially in plots with snow removed.ConclusionsWarming winter temperatures may amplify seed removal for some tree species, but local‐scale heterogeneity in woody debris may modify these effects. Because the effects of woody debris and snow removal were much stronger for some tree species than others, changes in seed removal associated with reduced future snow cover or changes in forest management may accelerate regional changes in forest composition.