Urban Marginalization and the Declining Capacity for Disaster Risks in Contemporary China
Urban Marginalization and the Declining Capacity for Disaster Risks in Contemporary China
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DOI：
10.3390/socsci10110424
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发表时间：
2021-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jia Xu;Makoto Takahashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jia Xu;Makoto Takahashi
迄今为止，社会科学中的许多灾害研究都指出，当代城市化加速了实际和潜在风险转化为灾害。与对灾害损失的更多关注相比，对深层次社会因素在应对环境变化和风险方面的作用认识不足。此外，关于社会脆弱性的讨论很少关注中国，尽管它们关注的是发展中国家。在过去的四十年里，中国的快速城市化、城市扩张和大规模的农村-城市移民导致城市管理的难度越来越大，产生了大量的边缘化人口和空间，这些人口和空间通常被称为城中村。目前的边缘化问题与国家管理的城市化下的经济贫困、持续排斥和社会不平等有关。本研究旨在通过对中国城市化发展经验的回顾，从制度、空间和城市治理三个方面探讨快速城市化与城市边缘化之间的关系，进而揭示社会脆弱性的深层原因。这项研究的结论是，城市化引起的边缘化对抵御自然灾害等外部压力的结构性能力产生不利影响。
Many disaster studies in the social sciences have so far pointed out that contemporary urbanization catalyzes the transformation of actual and potential risks into disasters. Compared with the greater attention paid to the losses of disasters, there is inadequate recognition of the roles of deep-seated social factors in addressing environmental changes and risks. In addition, very few discussions about social vulnerabilities have paid attention to China, even though they focus on developing countries. In the past four decades, China’s rapid urbanization, urban expansions, and large-scale rural-urban migration have led to increasing difficulties in urban management, generating a large number of marginalized populations and spaces that are often called urban villages. The current marginalization problems are connected with economic poverty, sustained exclusion, and social inequality under state-managed urbanization. This study aims to provide a valuable discussion on the relationship between rapid urbanization and urban marginalization to identify the underlying causes of social vulnerability from the perspectives of institution, space, and urban governance, reviewing the experiences of China’s urbanization. This study concludes that urbanization-induced marginalization has adverse impacts on structural resistance to external pressures such as natural disasters.