The meaning of five patterns of gaze
The meaning of five patterns of gaze
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五种凝视的含义
DOI：
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发表时间：
1974
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Cook
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Argyle;L. Lefebvre;M. Cook
受试者与训练有素的同盟者有五次会面，每个同盟者以希腊-拉丁方形设计的方式对不同的受试者展示五种凝视模式。凝视的模式为：零、边看边说、边看边听、正常和连续。实验采用了两种情况：受试者要么认识同盟者，要么在他们表现出讨好的态度时对他们进行评估。受试者和同盟者要么是男性，要么是女性。受试者用15种量表对同盟者进行打分；主成分分析产生了五个主要成分，前两个是喜欢/评价和活动/效力。正如预测的那样，凝视影响了这些成分的得分：喜欢/评价的评分从零凝视增加到正常，持续凝视的评分较低——证实了从属平衡理论；凝视的次数越多，对活动/效力的评价就越高。虽然奉承者被认为智商较低，但对凝视解释的预测影响尚未得到。解码器对凝视的数量做出反应，而不是它与说话和倾听的关系。
Subjects had five encounters with trained confederates, who each displayed five patterns of gaze with different subjects, in a graeco-latin square design. The patterns of gaze were: Zero, looking while talking, looking while listening, normal and continuous. Two conditions were used: Subjects were either getting acquainted with the confederates or assessing them while they behaved in an ingratiating manner. Subjects and confederates were either both male or both female. Subjects rated the confederates on fifteen rating scales; a principle components analysis produced five main components, the first two being liking/evaluation and activity/potency. Gaze affected scores on these components as predicted: Ratings of liking/evaluation increased from zero gaze to normal and were lower for continuous — confirming the affiliative balance theory; and the more gaze the higher the ratings on activity/potency. The predicted effects of ingratiation on the interpretation of gaze were not obtained, though ingratiators were seen as less intelligent. Decoders responded to amount of gaze, and not to its relation to talking and listening.