Working Memory Capacity and Fluid Intelligence
Working Memory Capacity and Fluid Intelligence
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DOI：
10.1177/1745691616650647
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
12.6
通讯作者：
Zach Shipstead;T. Harrison;R. Engle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zach Shipstead;T. Harrison;R. Engle
工作记忆能力和流体智力已被证明是密切相关的特征。通常，高工作记忆容量被认为可以通过准确维护相关信息来促进推理。在本文中，我们提出了一项重新定义该问题的提案，将工作记忆容量和流体智力的测试视为测量促进复杂认知的互补过程。分别是保持对关键信息的访问的能力以及脱离或阻止过时信息的能力。在解决问题的领域，高工作记忆容量可以使人准确稳定地表示和维护问题，从而可以进行假设检验。然而，随着假设被证明或变得站不住脚，摆脱过时的问题解决尝试就变得很重要，以便可以生成和测试新的假设。从这个角度来看，工作记忆能力和流体智力之间的强相关性并不是因为一种能力对另一种能力有因果影响，而是因为需要注意的心理功能分开，这些功能可能彼此相反，但围绕自上而下的处理目标进行组织。
Working memory capacity and fluid intelligence have been demonstrated to be strongly correlated traits. Typically, high working memory capacity is believed to facilitate reasoning through accurate maintenance of relevant information. In this article, we present a proposal reframing this issue, such that tests of working memory capacity and fluid intelligence are seen as measuring complementary processes that facilitate complex cognition. Respectively, these are the ability to maintain access to critical information and the ability to disengage from or block outdated information. In the realm of problem solving, high working memory capacity allows a person to represent and maintain a problem accurately and stably, so that hypothesis testing can be conducted. However, as hypotheses are disproven or become untenable, disengaging from outdated problem solving attempts becomes important so that new hypotheses can be generated and tested. From this perspective, the strong correlation between working memory capacity and fluid intelligence is due not to one ability having a causal influence on the other but to separate attention-demanding mental functions that can be contrary to one another but are organized around top-down processing goals.