Seabird bycatch in the Brazilian pelagic longline fishery and a review of capture rates in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Seabird bycatch in the Brazilian pelagic longline fishery and a review of capture rates in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
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DOI：
10.3354/esr00115
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Neves, Tatiana S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bugoni, Leandro;Mancini, Patricia L.;Neves, Tatiana S.
西南大西洋全年都是信天翁和海燕的重要觅食地。该地区的延绳捕鱼船队目前对这类海鸟构成主要威胁，迫切需要采取保护措施。本文介绍了2001 - 2007年巴西国内远洋延绳钓渔业中海鸟副渔获率的信息，并回顾了西南大西洋海底和远洋延绳钓渔业报告的副渔获率。在63次巡航（656套和788446个鱼钩）期间，巴西远洋延绳钓船队的总海鸟捕获率为0.229只/ 1000个鱼钩，根据季节变化从0到0.542。6月至11月（寒冷季节）捕获率较高，主要是黑眉信天翁（55%）、白下巴海燕、斑点海燕和大西洋黄鼻信天翁。以前在大西洋西南部报告的捕获率从每1000个鱼钩0到5.03只不等，那些基于日志或渔民访谈的报告往往低估了捕获率，而那些基于少量鱼钩或短时间的报告往往大大高估了远洋和海底延绳钓渔业的捕获率。以往的研究在界定海鸟副渔获物问题、形成缓解行动的基线和作为改进数据收集工作的指南方面发挥了重要作用。然而，船上专门的海鸟观察员收集的数据更可靠，提供了更多与副渔获物有关的信息，并为更有力的分析和解决进一步的问题形成了基线。目前的研究强调了延绳钓渔业中海鸟死亡的随机性，需要进行广泛的抽样，以获得对不同年份、季节、船只、渔具和做法范围的捕获率的现实估计。
The southwestern Atlantic Ocean is an important foraging ground throughout the year for several albatross and petrel species. Longline fishing fleets in the region currently pose the main threat for this group of seabirds at sea, and conservation measures are urgently required. We present information on bycatch rates of seabirds in the Brazilian domestic pelagic longline fishery from 2001 to 2007, and review bycatch rates reported for the demersal and pelagic longline fisheries in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Overall seabird capture rate for the Brazilian pelagic longline fleet during 63 cruises (656 sets and 788446 hooks) was 0.229 birds per 1000 hooks, varying from 0 to 0.542 according to season. Capture rates were higher between June and November (cold season) and affected mainly the black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris (55% of birds captured), the white-chinned petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis, the spectacled petrel Procellaria conspicillata and the Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross Thalassarche chlororhynchos. Capture rates previously reported in the SW Atlantic varied from 0 to 5.03 birds per 1000 hooks, with those reports based on logbooks or fishermen interviews tending to underestimate capture rates, whereas those based on small numbers of hooks or short time periods tend to greatly overestimate rates in both pelagic and demersal longline fisheries. Previous studies have played an important role in delimiting the seabird bycatch problem, forming a baseline for mitigation actions and serving as a guide for improvements in data collection. However, data collected by onboard seabird-dedicated observers are more reliable, provide a greater range of information relating to bycatch, and form a baseline for more robust analysis and addressing further questions. The current study highlights the stochastic nature of seabird fatalities in longline fisheries and the need for extensive sampling to obtain realistic estimates of capture rates covering different years, seasons, vessels, and the range of fishing gear and practices.