Genetic mixing for population management: From genetic rescue to provenancing.
Genetic mixing for population management: From genetic rescue to provenancing.
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DOI：
10.1111/eva.13154
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Weeks AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoffmann AA;Miller AD;Weeks AR
世界各地的动植物物种正在受到近亲繁殖、遗传多样性丧失以及由于栖息地广泛破坏和快速气候变化而导致的适应不良的有害影响的挑战。在许多情况下，可能需要采取干预措施，以保护种群和物种，并维持正常运作的生态系统。通过基因型在环境中的有意移动来启动、恢复或增强基因流模式的策略在保护和环境管理中的广泛应用引起了越来越多的兴趣。这些不同的策略有不同的名称，从遗传或进化拯救到起源和遗传复活。我们在这里的目的是提供一些澄清术语，以及这些策略是如何连接和联系到潜在的遗传过程。我们借鉴了文献中的案例研究，并概述了各种策略旨在增加物种适应度并影响更广泛社区的机制。我们认为，了解机制导致物种减少和社区的影响是成功实施这些战略的关键。我们强调需要考虑来源和接受人口的性质，以及各种战略的相关风险和权衡。这一概述突出了战略可能在人口，物种和生态系统规模的潜力，但也可能不应该尝试取决于干预的总体目标。我们提倡将短期和长期战略整合到一个决策框架中的方法，该框架还考虑了管理的非遗传方面。
Animal and plant species around the world are being challenged by the deleterious effects of inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity, and maladaptation due to widespread habitat destruction and rapid climate change. In many cases, interventions will likely be needed to safeguard populations and species and to maintain functioning ecosystems. Strategies aimed at initiating, reinstating, or enhancing patterns of gene flow via the deliberate movement of genotypes around the environment are generating growing interest with broad applications in conservation and environmental management. These diverse strategies go by various names ranging from genetic or evolutionary rescue to provenancing and genetic resurrection. Our aim here is to provide some clarification around terminology and to how these strategies are connected and linked to underlying genetic processes. We draw on case studies from the literature and outline mechanisms that underlie how the various strategies aim to increase species fitness and impact the wider community. We argue that understanding mechanisms leading to species decline and community impact is a key to successful implementation of these strategies. We emphasize the need to consider the nature of source and recipient populations, as well as associated risks and trade‐offs for the various strategies. This overview highlights where strategies are likely to have potential at population, species, and ecosystem scales, but also where they should probably not be attempted depending on the overall aims of the intervention. We advocate an approach where short‐ and long‐term strategies are integrated into a decision framework that also considers nongenetic aspects of management.
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