Constraints into preferences: Gender, status, and emerging career aspirations
Constraints into preferences: Gender, status, and emerging career aspirations
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DOI：
10.1177/000312240406900106
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发表时间：
2004-02-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Correll, SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Correll, SJ
这项研究提出了一个模型，描述了对新兴的职业相关的愿望的男性和女性的性别文化信念的约束作用的实验评估。该模型规定的条件下，性别地位的信念引起了性别差异的双重标准归因于性能的能力，不同的偏见的方式，男性和女性评估自己的能力，在任务的职业生涯相关的，控制的实际能力。该模式意味着，如果男子和妇女对自己在与职业有关的任务方面的能力作出不同的评估，他们对职业道路和据信需要这些任务方面的能力的活动也会形成不同的愿望。实验数据支持这一模型。在一种情况下，男性和女性大学生参与者在接受男性更擅长这项任务的信念后完成了一项实验任务。在这种情况下，男性参与者评估他们的任务能力高于女性参与者，即使所有人都得到了相同的分数。在这种情况下，男性也有更高的期望，职业相关的活动被描述为需要在任务的能力。在第二种情况下，没有发现性别差异，无论是评估还是愿望，参与者都相信男性和女性有平等的任务能力。为了说明模型在“真实的世界”（即，在非实验室环境下，结果与之前的一项调查研究进行了比较，该调查显示，男性对自己的数学能力的评估高于女性，这有助于他们在科学，数学和工程职业道路上的坚持率更高。
This study presents an experimental evaluation of a model that describes the constraining effect of cultural beliefs about gender on the emerging career-relevant aspirations of men and women. The model specifies the conditions under which gender status beliefs evoke a gender-differentiated double standard for attributing performance to ability, which differentially biases the way men and women assess their own competence at tasks that are career relevant, controlling for actual ability. The model implies that, if men and women make different assessments of their own competence at career-relevant tasks, they will also form different aspirations for career paths and activities believed to require competence at these tasks. Data from the experiment support this model. In one condition, male and female undergraduate participants completed an experimental task after being exposed to a belief that men are better at this task. In this condition, male participants assessed their task ability higher than female participants did even though all were given the same scores. Males in this condition also had higher aspirations for career-relevant activities described as requiring competence at the task. No gender differences were found in either assessments or aspirations in a second condition where participants were instead exposed to a belief that men and women have equal task ability. To illustrate the utility of the model in a "real world" (i.e., nonlaboratory) setting, results are compared to a previous survey study that showed men make higher assessments of their own mathematical ability than women, which contributes to their higher rates of persistence on paths to careers in science, math, and engineering.