What makes a good pollinator? Abundant and specialised insects with long flight periods transport the most strawberry pollen
What makes a good pollinator? Abundant and specialised insects with long flight periods transport the most strawberry pollen
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什么是好的传粉者？
DOI：
10.1002/2688-8319.12253
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Memmott, Jane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Villa‐Galaviz, Edith;Cirtwill, Alyssa R.;Gibson, Rachel;Timberlake, Thomas;Roslin, Tomas;Memmott, Jane
尽管昆虫授粉对生产可销售的水果很重要，但昆虫授粉管理受到对关键作物授粉物种的知识不足的限制。这种知识的缺乏部分是由于（1）在收集花粉运输的直接观察所涉及的大量劳动，（2）在空间和时间上的昆虫组合的变异性和（3）传粉者可能需要访问野生植物以及作物花卉资源的可能性，我们解决这些问题在英国草莓作为一个案例研究。首先，我们比较两个代理估计传粉者的重要性：花的访问和花粉运输。花粉运输数据可能提供更接近授粉服务的近似值，但访问数据收集起来耗时更少。其次，我们确定了与传粉者重要性相关的昆虫参数，使用上述每个代理进行估计。第三，我们估计了昆虫对野生植物和草莓作物的利用。总体而言，基于更容易收集的访问数据估计的传粉者重要性与基于花粉负荷估计的重要性密切相关。这两个框架都表明蜜蜂（蜜蜂和熊蜂）和食蚜蝇（Eristalis）可能是草莓的主要授粉者，尽管访问数据低估了蜜蜂的重要性。除了物种身份之外，数量丰富，活动时间长的相对专业的昆虫可能提供更多的授粉服务。大多数访问草莓植物的昆虫也携带野生植物的花粉，这表明传粉者需要不同的花资源。至少在单作作物系统中，基于访问数据识别必要的传粉者或传粉者参数将得出与使用花粉运输数据相同的一般性结论。管理人员可以通过保护农田周围的生境来加强授粉服务，以补充传粉者的饮食，并为野生传粉者的不同生命阶段提供生境。
Despite the importance of insect pollination to produce marketable fruits, insect pollination management is limited by insufficient knowledge about key crop pollinator species. This lack of knowledge is due in part to (1) the extensive labour involved in collecting direct observations of pollen transport, (2) the variability of insect assemblages over space and time and (3) the possibility that pollinators may need access to wild plants as well as crop floral resources.We address these problems using strawberry in the United Kingdom as a case study. First, we compare two proxies for estimating pollinator importance: flower visits and pollen transport. Pollen‐transport data might provide a closer approximation of pollination service, but visitation data are less time‐consuming to collect. Second, we identify insectparametersthat are associated with high importance as pollinators, estimated using each of the proxies above. Third, we estimated insects' use of wild plants as well as the strawberry crop.Overall, pollinator importances estimated based on easier‐to‐collect visitation data were strongly correlated with importances estimated based on pollen loads. Both frameworks suggest that bees (ApisandBombus) and hoverflies (Eristalis) are likely to be key pollinators of strawberries, although visitation data underestimate the importance of bees.Moving beyond species identities, abundant, relatively specialised insects with long active periods are likely to provide more pollination services.Most insects visiting strawberry plants also carried pollen from wild plants, suggesting that pollinators need diverse floral resources.Identifying essential pollinators or pollinator parameters based on visitation data will reach the same general conclusions as those using pollen transport data, at least in monoculture crop systems. Managers may be able to enhance pollination service by preserving habitats surrounding crop fields to complement pollinators' diets and provide habitats for diverse life stages of wild pollinators.