Outdoor thermal benchmarks and their application to climate-responsive designs of residential open spaces in a cold region of China
Outdoor thermal benchmarks and their application to climate-responsive designs of residential open spaces in a cold region of China
复制标题
室外热基准及其在中国寒冷地区住宅开放空间气候响应设计中的应用
DOI：
10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106592
复制
发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Niu, Jiaqi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mi, Jiayi;Hong, Bo;Niu, Jiaqi
本研究旨在探讨中国高寒地区居住区小气候、热感觉与人的行为之间的关系。采用物理测量、问卷调查和活动记录相结合的方法，对西安市中国五个典型的居住空地进行了调查，以确定热舒适性与户外活动的关系。应用生理当量温度(PET)定量确定了西安市室外温度基准，并与其他气候带的温度基准进行了比较。最后，提出了一种基于热基准的住宅开放空间气候响应性的设计研究方法。结果表明：1)除空气温度和相对湿度外，风速、太阳辐射、全球温度、平均辐射温度和PET值在空间间差异显著。2)冬季居民更喜欢在日照空间活动，夏季居民更倾向于在阴凉处活动，但春季活动时间和空间选择不明显。3)居民在进行具体活动时，冬季比夏季能更好地承受“冷应激”。4)确定了中性PET、中性PET范围和可接受PET范围分别为19.7℃、12.4-26.9℃和9.8-30.7℃，并调整了对西安市预测的不满意百分比(PPD)关系的适应性。5)从防护林、遮荫设施和落叶乔木三个方面提出了开放空间的优化设计策略。这些结果将有助于城市设计者更好地了解居民的热舒适和适应行为，并为中国所在寒冷地区的居住开放空间提供设计指南。
This study aims to identify the relationship among microclimate, thermal sensation and human behavior in a residential community in a cold region of China. Five typical residential open spaces in Xi'an, China were investigated using physical measurements, questionnaires and activity records to determine how thermal comfort relates to outdoor activities. Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) was applied to quantitatively determine the outdoor thermal benchmarks in Xi'an, and variation in thermal benchmarks was compared with other climatic zones. Finally, a 'research for design' approach for climate-responsiveness of residential open spaces was proposed based on thermal benchmarks. Results demonstrated that: 1) Except for air temperature and relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, globe temperature, mean radiative temperature and PET differed significantly among spaces. 2) Residents preferred activities in sunlit spaces in winter, tended to prefer activities in shaded spaces in summer, but activity time and space selections were inconspicuous in spring. 3) Residents can better endure "cold stress" in winter than "hot stress" in summer when conducting specific activities. 4) The neutral PET, neutral PET range and acceptable PET range were identified as 19.7 degrees C, 12.4-26.9 degrees C and 9.8-30.7 degrees C, respectively; adaptation to the Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) relation for Xi' an was also adjusted. 5) Optimum design strategies for open spaces were proposed within implement of shelterbelts, shaded facilities and deciduous trees. These results should help urban designers better understand residents' thermal comfort and adaptive behaviors and provide design guidelines for residential open space in China's cold region.