Climate and Vegetation Change in a Coastal Marsh: Two Snapshots of Groundwater Dynamics and Tidal Flooding at Piermont Marsh, NY Spanning 20 Years
Climate and Vegetation Change in a Coastal Marsh: Two Snapshots of Groundwater Dynamics and Tidal Flooding at Piermont Marsh, NY Spanning 20 Years
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s13157-023-01761-9
复制
发表时间：
2024-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Watson，Elizabeth Burke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Courtney，Sofi;Montalto，Franco;Watson，Elizabeth Burke
地下水水文在滨海湿地生态地球化学功能中起着重要作用，部分原因是地下水动力驱动了水生植物群落分布的地带性。随着时间的推移发生的变化，如海平面上升和生境结构的变化，可能会改变地下水动态和生态水文分区。我们研究了1999年和2019年的潮汐洪水和沼泽地下水位动态，并绘制了植物分布随时间的变化，在皮尔蒙特沼泽，一个位于纽约市附近沿着哈德逊河口的半咸水潮汐沼泽。我们发现的证据表明，2019年沼泽地表面被洪水淹没的频率比1999年更高，而且潮汐在2019年进一步传播到沼泽地，尽管沼泽地表面海拔的增加在很大程度上与海平面上升相匹配。我们观察到的地下水水文变化可能是由于涨潮的速度大于平均海平面的速度。此外，我们报告的变化，植物覆盖的P。澳大利亚，它取代了本地沼泽植被在皮尔蒙特沼泽。虽然P。澳大利亚增加了覆盖，残骸沉积和植物死亡相关的超级风暴桑迪允许原生植被反弹，在我们的重点地区的一部分。这些结果表明，气候变化和植物群落组成可能相互作用，形成生态水文区划。考虑到这些结果，我们建议栖息地模型在预测海平面上升对沼泽恢复力的影响时，考虑潮差扩大和地下水水文作为指标。
Groundwater hydrology plays an important role in coastal marsh biogeochemical function, in part because groundwater dynamics drive the zonation of macrophyte community distribution. Changes that occur over time, such as sea level rise and shifts in habitat structure are likely altering groundwater dynamics and eco-hydrological zonation. We examined tidal flooding and marsh water table dynamics in 1999 and 2019 and mapped shifts in plant distributions over time, at Piermont Marsh, a brackish tidal marsh located along the Hudson River Estuary near New York City. We found evidence that the marsh surface was flooded more frequently in 2019 than 1999, and that tides were propagating further into the marsh in 2019, although marsh surface elevation gains were largely matching that of sea level rise. The changes in groundwater hydrology that we observed are likely due to the high tide rising at a rate that is greater than that of mean sea level. In addition, we report changes in plant cover byP. australis, which has displaced native marsh vegetation at Piermont Marsh. AlthoughP. australishas increased in cover, wrack deposition and plant die off associated Superstorm Sandy allowed for native vegetation to rebound in part of our focus area. These results suggest that climate change and plant community composition may interact to shape ecohydrologic zonation. Considering these results, we recommend that habitat models consider tidal range expansion and groundwater hydrology as metrics when predicting the impact of sea level rise on marsh resilience.