A Modified Exponential Behavioral Economic Demand Model to Better Describe Consumption Data
A Modified Exponential Behavioral Economic Demand Model to Better Describe Consumption Data
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DOI：
10.1037/pha0000045
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Bickel, Warren K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Koffarnus, Mikhail N.;Franck, Christopher T.;Bickel, Warren K.
行为经济需求分析量化了一种商品的消费与其价格之间的关系，已被证明在研究包括滥用药物在内的许多商品的增强功效方面是有用的。赫什和西尔伯伯格(2008)提出的指数方程被证明在量化需求强度和需求弹性的可分离分量方面是有用的，但作为一种分析技术，由于无法正确分析零的消费价值而受到限制。我们研究了这个方程的指数版，它保留了原始Hursh和Silberberg方程的所有有益特征，但可以容纳零的消耗值，并改进了它与数据的拟合。在实验一中，我们对272名在线调查对象的卷烟消费数据进行了零值处理，比较了修正后的方程和未修正后的方程。我们发现，未修改的方程根据对零的处理方式产生不同的结果，而指数化版本将零纳入分析，解释了更多的方差，并且能够更好地估计参与者报告的实际不受限制的消耗。在实验2中，我们模拟了1,000个具有先验需求参数的数据集，并比较了方程的拟合程度。结果表明，指数方程能够较好地再现试验数据的真实值。我们的结论是，赫什和西尔伯伯格方程的指数版提供了更好的数据拟合，能够拟合包括零在内的所有消耗值，并更准确地产生真实的参数值。
Behavioral economic demand analyses that quantify the relationship between the consumption of a commodity and its price have proven useful in studying the reinforcing efficacy of many commodities, including drugs of abuse. An exponential equation proposed by Hursh and Silberberg (2008) has proven useful in quantifying the dissociable components of demand intensity and demand elasticity, but is limited as an analysis technique by the inability to correctly analyze consumption values of zero. We examined an exponentiated version of this equation that retains all the beneficial features of the original Hursh and Silberberg equation, but can accommodate consumption values of zero and improves its fit to the data. In Experiment 1, we compared the modified equation with the unmodified equation under different treatments of zero values in cigarette consumption data collected online from 272 participants. We found that the unmodified equation produces different results depending on how zeros are treated, while the exponentiated version incorporates zeros into the analysis, accounts for more variance, and is better able to estimate actual unconstrained consumption as reported by participants. In Experiment 2, we simulated 1,000 datasets with demand parameters known a priori and compared the equation fits. Results indicated that the exponentiated equation was better able to replicate the true values from which the test data were simulated. We conclude that an exponentiated version of the Hursh and Silberberg equation provides better fits to the data, is able to fit all consumption values including zero, and more accurately produces true parameter values.