Are glycans the Holy Grail for biomarkers of aging?
Are glycans the Holy Grail for biomarkers of aging?
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聚糖是衰老生物标志物的圣杯吗？
DOI：
10.1093/gerona/glt202
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
deCabo,Rafael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LeCouteur,DavidG;Simpson,StephenJ;deCabo,Rafael
评估任何影响衰老的干预措施的效果都需要测量某种终点，理想情况下是寿命。最大寿命是主要受抗衰老干预措施影响的关键结果，是黄金标准。中位寿命也可能受到预防疾病的干预措施的影响，从而使人口生存曲线平方化，而不一定延长最大寿命。测量中值寿命或最长寿命都需要研究大量种群的整个生命周期，这对于长寿物种来说是一个不可逾越的障碍。因此，人体临床试验不太可能使用寿命作为初始主要结果，而某种替代结果或衰老的生物标志物是必不可少的。因此，发现强大而准确的衰老生物标志物已成为衰老研究的圣杯。到目前为止，还没有建立一套动物或人类衰老的生物学或临床生物标志物，尽管已经提出了许多（1-6）。人们提出了各种衰老生物标志物的标准（4,6）。潜在的假设是，任何改变衰老生物标志物的干预，通过外推，也会改变衰老过程和最长寿命。例如，美国老龄化研究联合会得出结论，任何有用的衰老生物标志物都应该满足各种标准，包括以下标准：
EvALUATING the effect of any intervention that influences aging requires some sort of endpoint to be measured, ideally life span. Maximum life span is the key outcome influenced primarily by interventions that act on aging and is the gold standard. Median life span can also be influenced by interventions that prevent disease, thereby squaring population survival curves without necessarily extending maximum life span. Measurement of either median or maximum life span requires the study of large populations over their lifetime, which, in long-lived species, is an insurmountable barrier. Thus clinical trials in humans are unlikely to use life span as an initial primary outcome, and some sort of surrogate outcome or biomarker of aging is essential. Consequently, the discovery of robust and accurate biomarkers of aging has become a holy grail for aging research. As yet, there is no established set of biological or clinical biomarkers of aging in animals or humans, although many have been proposed (1–6). various criteria for biomarkers of aging have been put forward (4, 6). The underlying assumption is that any intervention that alters a biomarker of aging will, by extrapolation, also alter the aging process and maximum life span. For example the American Federation for Aging Research concluded that any useful biomarker of aging should fulfill a variety of criteria, including the following: