Morphometric analysis of solifluction lobes and rock glaciers in the Swiss Alps
Morphometric analysis of solifluction lobes and rock glaciers in the Swiss Alps
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DOI：
10.1002/ppp.517
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
N. Matsuoka;Atsushi Ikeda;Takeshi Date
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Matsuoka;Atsushi Ikeda;Takeshi Date
固体冰川裂片和岩石冰川显示出相似的几何形状，但大小不同。形态分析将瑞士阿尔卑斯山东部的这些叶状地貌分为五个亚组。巨砾岩冰川有一个由无基质巨砾组成的活动层，而卵石岩冰川则由来自阻力较小的岩石的基质支撑碎片组成。两者都是通过5-30米深的冻土蠕变移动的，但前者往往有更长的胎面。一个具有0.2-3 m高的立管的高固体流瓣，主要源于在沉积物顶部0.5 m内运行的年度冻融，其变化是一个受泥石流影响的高固体流瓣，发生在长时间的融雪触发融化的表层快速流动的地方。一个低的solifleclobe有一个高达0.2米的立管，并出现在薄的细粒碎屑主要响应昼夜霜冻蠕变。这些波瓣总体上显示出胎面长度（L）、宽度（W）和踢面高度（H）之间的正相关。然而，一个回归分析分离的岩石冰川soliflasticlobes由一个明显的差距在W（或L）=30米和H=3米，并提供了不同的回归线的两个人口。主要由运输过程决定的形态测量是H，其接近或略超过最大运动深度。移动的深度也影响移动质量的水平范围，这定义了W。在水平均匀度超过3 H的地方出现一个波瓣，并随着时间的推移而前进，直到达到由气候或动力条件控制的最大L。叶形态测量学可作为环境指标。版权所有© 2005年约翰威利父子有限公司。
Solifluction lobes and rock glaciers show similar geometry with a wide range of sizes. Morphometric analysis classifies these lobate landforms in the eastern Swiss Alps into five subgroups. A bouldery rock glacier has an active layer composed of matrix‐free boulders, whereas a pebbly rock glacier consists of matrix‐supported debris derived from less resistant rocks. Both move by permafrost creep at 5–30 m depth, but the former tends to have a longer tread. A high solifluction lobe, having a riser 0.2–3 m high, originates mainly from annual gelifluction operating within the top 0.5 m of sediment, and its variation, a mudflow‐affected high solifluction lobe, occurs where prolonged snowmelt triggers a rapid flow of the thawed surficial layer. A low solifluction lobe has a riser up to 0.2 m high and occurs where thin fine‐grained debris responds mainly to diurnal frost creep. These lobes show, on the whole, positive relations between the tread length (L), width (W ) and the riser height (H ). However, a regression analysis separates the rock glaciers from the solifluction lobes by a distinct gap at W (or L)=30 m and H=3 m and provides different regression lines for the two populations. The morphometry primarily determined by the transport process is H, which approximates or slightly exceeds the maximum depth of movement. The depth of movement also affects the horizontal extent of a moving mass, which defines W. A lobe appears where horizontal homogeneity exceeds 3H, and advances with time until reaching a maximum L controlled by climatic or dynamic conditions. Lobe morphometry can be used as an environmental indicator. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.