INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON OLFACTION AND TASTE Perspectives on Population-based Epidemiological Studies of Olfactory and Taste Impairment
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON OLFACTION AND TASTE Perspectives on Population-based Epidemiological Studies of Olfactory and Taste Impairment
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
Howard J. Hoffman;K. Cruickshanks;Barry Davis
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作者：
Howard J. Hoffman;K. Cruickshanks;Barry Davis
有必要对嗅觉和味觉进行流行病学研究，因为这些感官的损伤对健康有重要影响。只有少数人尝试测量嗅觉和味觉或味觉功能障碍的患病率，许多方法上的挑战仍有待解决。这些挑战不同于基于临床或研究实验室的研究所面临的挑战。嗅觉和味觉的流行病学研究代表了转化研究，因为它们可以用来了解实验室或临床研究的结果如何适用于一般人群。本文简要回顾了现有的“如何”测量嗅觉和味觉功能障碍的方法，然后说明了基于先前流行病学研究的发现，以表明“为什么”我们希望在基于人群的样本中测量嗅觉和味觉功能。在1994-1995年全国健康访谈调查的残疾样本（第一阶段筛选）中收集的关于嗅觉和味觉丧失的自我报告信息与在威斯康辛州比弗达姆进行的一项流行病学研究中基于检查的嗅觉损伤测量所提供的结果进行了对比。对自我报告和基于考试的嗅觉或味觉丧失测量的比较导致了如何最好地定义人口样本中的嗅觉或味觉损伤的问题，因为与其他感官领域（即视觉和听觉）不同，化学感官的损伤没有国际公认的标准。除了强调现有的流行病学研究外，还介绍了NIH工具箱的简要检查措施的当前发展。通过这次研讨会，我们希望推动嗅觉和味觉流行病学这一新兴领域的发展。
Epidemiological studies of the senses of olfaction (smell) and gustation (taste) are needed since impairments in these senses have important implications for health. Only a few attempts have been made to measure the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory or taste dysfunction, and many methodological challenges remain to be addressed. These challenges differ from those faced in studies based in the clinic or research laboratory. Epidemiological studies of smell and taste represent translational research, because they can be used to understand how findings from laboratory or clinical studies apply to the general population. This paper briefly reviews existing methods for “how” to measure smell and taste dysfunction and then illustrates findings based on prior epidemiological studies to indicate “why” we wish to measure smell and taste functioning in population-based samples. Self-reported information collected on smell and taste loss in a national sample, the 1994–1995 Disability Sample (phase I screening) of the National Health Interview Survey, is contrasted with results provided by an exam-based measure of olfactory impairment in an epidemiological study conducted in Beaver Dam, WI. The comparison of self-reported and exam-based measures of smell or taste loss leads to the question of how to best define smell or taste impairment in population samples, since unlike other sensory domains (namely, vision and hearing), there are no internationally accepted standards of impairment for the chemosenses. In addition to highlighting existing epidemiological studies, the current development of an NIH Toolbox of brief exam measures is described. Through this symposium, we hope to advance the nascent field of olfactory and taste epidemiology.