Can we protect forests by harnessing variation in resistance to pests and pathogens
Can we protect forests by harnessing variation in resistance to pests and pathogens
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/forestry/cpu012
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
A. Telford;S. Cavers;R. Ennos;J. Cottrell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Telford;S. Cavers;R. Ennos;J. Cottrell
我们的天然林和商业种植林目前正面临着来自害虫和病原体的前所未有的威胁。根据“预防胜于治疗”的原则，影响森林管理的政策和做法必须以预防流行病为目标，而不是在流行病形成后立即加以防治。在国家边界保持警惕和严格安全的目的是防止害虫和病原体进入，但经验告诉我们，这并不能完全排除。因此，为了提高树木种群对感染或草食动物的长期抵抗力和恢复力，更现实和科学的方法可能是了解和利用树木中天然存在的抗性机制。抗性性状变异可能是受遗传控制和可遗传的。因此，种群有可能对攻击造成的选择性压力作出反应，如果管理和环境条件合适，它们会适应。本文概述了树木用来保护自己的机制，这些机制的遗传和环境控制，随后的表型变异，我们观察到，以及如何最好地测量和利用这一点来发展和维持有弹性的树木种群。为了确保商业树种和本地树种有一个更加可持续和稳定的未来，需要通过林业工作者和科学家之间的合作以及增加对相关研究试验的投资，将这些方法纳入全球森林管理。
Our natural and commercially planted forests are currently facing an unprecedented threat from pests and pathogens. On the principle that ‘prevention is better than cure’, the policies and practices that influence forest management must aim to prevent epidemics rather than to fight them once they are established. Vigilance and strict security at national borders aim to prevent entry of pests and pathogens but experience shows us that this does not achieve total exclusion. Consequently, to improve the long-term resistance and resilience of tree populations to infection or herbivory, a more realistic and scientific approach may be to understand and use the resistance mechanisms that are naturally present in trees. Resistance trait variation may be genetically controlled and heritable. Populations therefore have the potential to respond to the selective pressure imposed by attack and, if the management and environmental conditions are right, adapt. This review outlines the mechanisms that trees use to defend themselves, the genetic and environmental control of these mechanisms, the subsequent phenotypic variation that we observe and how best to measure and use this to develop and maintain resilient tree populations. In order to ensure a more sustainable and stable future for commercial and native tree species there is a need to incorporate these approaches into forest management globally through collaboration between foresters and scientists and increased investment in relevant research trials.