Soil Sampling and Analysis
Soil Sampling and Analysis
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土壤采样和分析
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
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通讯作者：
J. Walworth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Walworth
仅占该领域的1/10，000，000因此，土壤样本代表整个领域至关重要。对一个地区进行抽样的最常见和最经济的方法是混合抽样，即从实地随机选择的地点收集子样本，然后将子样本混合起来进行分析。综合取样的分析结果提供了取样地区的平均值。子样本的数量取决于字段大小和均匀性。一般来说，较大的场或不太均匀的场应该比小而均匀的场更密集地采样。应抽取不少于5个子样本，最好是15至25个。或者，可以以规则图案对区域进行网格采样。每个样品都单独分析，因此可以确定土壤特性的变异性。通过网格采样提供的数据，可以根据结果构建土壤测试值图。这一信息可输入地理信息系统，并与土壤质地、作物产量和叶片分析等其他地理空间数据相结合，用于精确农业系统，以便可变地施用化肥和其他作物投入。这是一种昂贵得多的土壤分析方法，因为需要进行大量的分析，尽管它提供了有关地理空间均匀性的宝贵信息，可用于精准农业。理想情况下，样品应该用土壤探针或螺旋钻收集，到耕作深度（通常为6至8英寸）或植物的有效生根深度。土壤测试由四个步骤组成：·收集代表性土壤样品; ·土壤样品的实验室分析; ·分析结果的解释;以及·基于解释的分析结果的管理建议。在前两个步骤中，应了解收集土壤样品的适当方法以及土壤测试的潜力和局限性。
represents just 1/10,000,000 of the field. Therefore, it's critical a soil sample be representative of the entire field. The most common and economical method for sampling an area is composite sampling, where subsamples are collected from randomly selected locations in the field, and the subsamples are composited for analysis. The analytical results from composite sampling provide average values for the sampled area. The number of subsamples depends on field size and uniformity. Generally, a larger field or a less uniform field should be sampled more intensively than one that's small and uniform. No less than five subsamples should be taken 15 to 25 are preferred. Alternatively, areas can be grid-sampled in a regular pattern. Each sample is analyzed separately so variability of soil properties can be determined. With data provided by grid sampling, maps of soil test values can be constructed from the results. This information can be entered into a geographical information system and combined with additional geospatial data, such as soil texture, crop yields and leaf analyses, and used in precision agriculture systems for variable application of fertilizers and other crop inputs. This is a much more expensive method of soil analysis because of the number of analyses required, although it provides valuable information about geospatial uniformity that can be used in precision agriculture. Ideally, samples should be collected with a soil probe or auger, to the depth of tillage (usually 6 to 8 inches) or to the effective rooting depth of plants. Deeper samples might e collected for evaluation of subsoil properties, Soil testing is comprised of four steps: • Collection of a representative soil sample; • Laboratory analyses of the soil sample; • Interpretation of analytical results; and • Management recommendations based on interpreted analytical results. Focusing on the first two steps, one should gain an understanding of the proper methods for collecting soil samples and of the potentials and limitations of soil testing.