ALTRUISTIC HOUSEKEEPING IN A SOCIAL APHID
ALTRUISTIC HOUSEKEEPING IN A SOCIAL APHID
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1992.0029
复制
发表时间：
1992-03-23
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
FOSTER, WA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BENTON, TG;FOSTER, WA
青木(1977)发现，一些蚜虫有一个不育的士兵种姓，这是无私的功能，以保护蜂群免受捕食者。我们第一次通过实验证明了蜜蜂的士兵等级--形成虫胆的天疱疮--扮演了第二个非防御性的利他角色：士兵们积极地清理自己的虫胆。这种把排出的蜜露、脱落的皮和死的蚜虫从虫胆中取出的“管家”行为，对士兵来说是昂贵的，对虫害的生存也是必不可少的。蜂群的排泄物被士兵们主动操纵到虫胆的入口处，并将其推出。对不同类型和大小的对象使用不同的操作技术。这一物种，也许还有许多蚜虫物种，拥有一系列复杂的利他主义行为，包括管家和防御，这表明一种接近于主要群居昆虫的社会制度。
Aoki (1977) discovered that some aphids have a sterile soldier caste, which functions altruistically to protect the colony from predators. For the first time we show experimentally that the soldier caste of an aphid, the gall-forming Pemphigus spyrothecae, fulfils a second, non-defensive, altruistic role: the soldiers actively clean their gall. This 'housekeeping' behaviour, in which defecated honeydew, shed skins and dead aphids are removed from the gall, is costly to the soldiers and essential for gall survival. The colony's waste is actively manipulated to the entrance of the gall by the soldiers and pushed out. Different techniques of manipulation are used for objects of different type and size. This species, and perhaps many aphid species, have a complex repertoire of altruistic behaviours involving housekeeping and defence, which suggests a social system approaching that of the major groups of eusocial insects.