Global distribution of material consumption: Nickel, copper, and iron
Global distribution of material consumption: Nickel, copper, and iron
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.08.029
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Matsuno, Yasunari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakajima, Kenichi;Daigo, Ichiro;Matsuno, Yasunari
经济增长和有时使用绿色技术与金属和矿物使用的迅速增加有关。在今天的全球化经济中，自然资源的消费对环境的影响远远超出了消费地。关于物质流动的知识对于减少自然资源消耗和控制物质循环至关重要。经济范围内的物质流分析（MFA）是一个很好的工具，可以量化资源和废物管理特定领域的物质平衡。本研究的目的是确定镍、铜和铁在全球贸易中在231个国家和地区之间的世界范围内的物质流动，并将这些材料的表观消费作为一种全球系统现象进行研究。在这里，表观消费是指生产加上进口减去出口的数学总和，包括高度制造的产品。2010年，铁、铜和镍的表观消费量分别为1.7皮克、20 Tg和2.1 Tg，比1995年分别增加了2.1、1.6和1.7倍。这些增长与亚洲对这些材料的需求增加相吻合。例如，1995年亚洲的铁表观消费量占全球总消费量的41%，但在2010年上升到64%。同样，2010年亚洲铜和镍的表观消费量分别达到60%和54%。
Economic growth and sometimes the use of green technologies have been associated with a rapid rise in the use of metals and minerals. In today's globalized economy, natural resource consumption influences environmental impacts far removed from the place of consumption. Knowledge about the flow of substances is fundamental to reducing natural resource consumption and controlling the material cycle. Economy-wide material flow analysis (MFA) is an excellent tool to quantify material balances in specific areas for resource and waste management. The goal of this study was to identify the worldwide material flow of nickel, copper, and iron in global trade among 231 countries and regions, and to examine the apparent consumption of the materials as a global systematic phenomenon. Here, apparent consumption means the mathematical sum of production plus imports minus exports, including products with high degrees of fabrication. The levels of apparent consumption of iron, copper, and nickel were 1.7 Pg, 20 Tg, and 2.1 Tg, respectively, in 2010, which represented increases by a factor of 2.1, 1.6, and 1.7, respectively, from 1995. These increases coincided with increasing demand for these materials in Asia. For example, the percentage of the apparent consumption of iron in Asia accounted for 41% of total worldwide consumption in 1995, but it rose to 64% in 2010. Similarly, the percentage of apparent consumption of copper and nickel in Asia reached 60% and 54%, respectively, in 2010.