Mixing State of Carbonaceous Aerosols of Primary Emissions from "Improved" African Cookstoves.
Mixing State of Carbonaceous Aerosols of Primary Emissions from "Improved" African Cookstoves.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.8b00456
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发表时间：
2018-08
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Y. Ting;E. Mitchell;J. Allan;Dantong Liu;D. Spracklen;A. Williams;Jenny M. Jones;A. Lea-Langton;G. Mcfiggans;H. Coe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Ting;E. Mitchell;J. Allan;Dantong Liu;D. Spracklen;A. Williams;Jenny M. Jones;A. Lea-Langton;G. Mcfiggans;H. Coe
最近推出了“改进”炉灶的设计，以有利于发展中国家烹饪活动的固体燃料消耗，但有关燃烧过程和颗粒物排放的不确定性仍然很少被描述。为了帮助理解这一点，我们在实验室对三个“改良”非洲炉灶的燃烧情况进行了研究。为了进行比较，还包括了一个典型的欧洲加热炉。使用气溶胶质谱仪和单粒子烟尘光度计实时研究详细的气溶胶排放，以探索黑碳 (BC) 和有机碳气溶胶之间的相互作用，并根据修正燃烧效率 (MCE)（大气排放界使用的常用指标）对其进行参数化。当干橡木和煤燃料的 MCE > 0.95 时，超过 50% 的总有机物 (OM) 存在于含 BC 的颗粒中，而在较低的 MCE 下，大多数燃料的总 OM 的 80% 以上存在于未检测到 BC 的颗粒中。当总颗粒物（PM1）的OM质量分数>0.9时，含BC颗粒中OM与难熔BC的质量比约为2-3，而当OM质量分数<0.9时，OM与难熔BC的质量比仅为~0.8。这些发现目前尚未包含在模型中，此类信息应在未来的排放情景中考虑。
Designs of "improved" stoves are introduced recently to benefit the solid fuel consumption of cooking activities in developing countries, but the uncertainties concerning the combustion processes and particulate emissions remain poorly characterized. To help understand this, combustion in three examples of "improved" African cookstoves was investigated in the laboratory. A typical European heating stove was included for comparison purpose. Detailed aerosol emissions were studied in real-time with an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer and Single Particle Soot Photometer, to explore interactions between black carbon (BC) and organic carbon aerosols, which were parametrized according to modified combustion efficiency (MCE), a common metric used within the atmospheric emission community. Greater than 50% of the total organic matter (OM) was found in BC-containing particles when MCE was >0.95 for dry oak and coal fuels, whereas at lower MCE, over 80% of the total OM for most of the fuels existed in particles without detectable BC. When the OM mass fraction of total particulate matter (PM1) > 0.9, the mass ratio of OM to refractory BC in BC-containing particles was about 2-3, but only ∼0.8 when OM mass fraction <0.9. These findings are not currently included in models and such information should be considered in the future emission scenarios.