SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Booster Elicits Robust Prolonged Maternal Antibody Responses and Passive Transfer Via The Placenta And Breastmilk.
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Booster Elicits Robust Prolonged Maternal Antibody Responses and Passive Transfer Via The Placenta And Breastmilk.
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SARS-CoV-2 疫苗加强剂可引发强烈、持久的母体抗体反应，并通过胎盘和母乳进行被动转移。
DOI：
10.1101/2022.11.29.518385
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Messaoudi,Ilhem
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Marshall,NicoleE;Blanton,MadisonB;Doratt,BriannaM;Malherbe,DelphineC;Rincon,Monica;True,Heather;McDonald,Taylor;Beauregard,Caroline;Adatorwovor,Reuben;Messaoudi,Ilhem
背景 怀孕期间的感染可能会给孕妇和后代带来不良后果。孕产妇疫苗接种是保护产后母亲和新生儿的有效机制。然而，我们对妊娠期间母体 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA 疫苗接种引起的抗体被动转移的理解仍然不完整。目的 我们旨在评估母体 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种在母体循环和母乳中初始剂量和加强剂量后产生的抗体反应，以更好地了解新生儿的被动免疫。研究设计 我们收集了 121 名孕妇的纵向血液样本，这些孕妇从妊娠早期到分娩期间都接受了 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA 疫苗，然后在分娩期间和产后 12 个月期间收集了血液样本和母乳。在研究期间，70% 的参与者还在产后接受了加强注射。通过酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 检测配对的母体血浆、母乳、脐带血浆和新生儿血浆样本，以评估 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 IgG 抗体水平。结果 在脐带血和新生儿血液中均检测到疫苗引发的母体抗体，尽管其水平低于母体循环，这表明经胎盘被动免疫。加强疫苗接种显着增加了母体血浆和母乳中的尖峰特异性 IgG 抗体滴度。最后，新生儿血液中的 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 IgG 抗体与母亲初次接种疫苗后的天数呈负相关。结论 疫苗诱导的母体 SARS-CoV-2 抗体在子宫内通过胎盘被动传递给后代，出生后通过母乳喂养被动传递给后代。无论母亲接种疫苗时的孕龄如何，母亲加强疫苗接种都会显着增加母乳和母体血浆中的抗体水平，这表明这一额外剂量对于最大限度地被动保护新生儿和婴儿免受 SARS-CoV-2 感染直至达到疫苗接种资格具有重要意义。
Background Infection during pregnancy can result in adverse outcomes for both pregnant persons and offspring. Maternal vaccination is an effective mechanism to protect both mother and neonate into post-partum. However, our understanding of passive transfer of antibodies elicited by maternal SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination during pregnancy remains incomplete. Objective We aimed to evaluate the antibody responses engendered by maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination following initial and booster doses in maternal circulation and breastmilk to better understand passive immunization of the newborn. Study Design We collected longitudinal blood samples from 121 pregnant women who received SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines spanning from early gestation to delivery followed by collection of blood samples and breastmilk between delivery and 12 months postpartum. During the study, 70% of the participants also received a booster post-partum. Paired maternal plasma, breastmilk, umbilical cord plasma, and newborn plasma samples were tested via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibody levels. Results Vaccine-elicited maternal antibodies were detected in both cord blood and newborn blood, albeit at lower levels than maternal circulation, demonstrating transplacental passive immunization. Booster vaccination significantly increased spike specific IgG antibody titers in maternal plasma and breastmilk. Finally, SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in newborn blood correlated negatively with days post initial maternal vaccine dose. Conclusion Vaccine-induced maternal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were passively transferred to the offspring in utero via the placenta and after birth via breastfeeding. Maternal booster vaccination, regardless of gestational age at maternal vaccination, significantly increased antibody levels in breastmilk and maternal plasma, indicating the importance of this additional dose to maximize passive protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection for neonates and infants until vaccination eligibility.