Changes in brain activation during the acquisition of a multifrequency bimanual coordination task: From the cognitive stage to advanced levels of automaticity
Changes in brain activation during the acquisition of a multifrequency bimanual coordination task: From the cognitive stage to advanced levels of automaticity
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3866-04.2005
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发表时间：
2005-04-27
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Swinnen, SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Puttemans, V;Wenderoth, N;Swinnen, SP
关于反映过度学习的激活变化，即，广泛的运动训练超越渐近性能。在这里，我们使用功能性磁共振成像来追踪从初始到熟练（学习）和最终过度学习阶段（自动化）的神经转变。扫描发生在训练前（PRE）以及在新的双手协调任务（> 10，500个周期）的强化练习1周（MID）和2周（POST）之后。Kinetics揭示了PRE和MID会话之间的重大改进，而MID到POST会话性能趋于平稳，分别表示学习和自动化。影像学结果显示，在学习阶段，双侧鳃盖区、双侧腹外侧前额叶皮质、右侧腹侧运动前回和缘上回以及扣带回前沟的激活减少，在自动化阶段，辅助运动区的激活减少。假设这些变化反映了注意力需求的感觉处理的减少，以及作为获得新的协调模式的前奏的首选协调倾向的抑制。相反，在初级运动皮层（M1）、后扣带区（PCZ）、壳核和右前小脑中观察到学习相关的增加。重要的是，在自动执行（POST）期间，M1和PCZ激活再次降低至初始水平（PRE）。只有壳核和小脑前部在学习和自动化阶段保持更活跃，支持它们在协调任务的长期运动记忆形成中的关键作用。
Little is known about activation changes reflecting overlearning, i.e., extensive motor training beyond asymptotic performance. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to trace the neural shifts from an initial to a skilled ( learning) and finally overlearned stage ( automatization). Scanning occurred before training (PRE) and after 1 ( MID) and 2 weeks ( POST) of intensive practice on a new bimanual coordination task ( > 10,500 cycles). Kinematics revealed major improvements between PRE and MID sessions, whereas MID to POST session performance leveled off, indicative of learning and automatization, respectively. Imaging findings showed that activation decreased in bilateral opercular areas, bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the right ventral premotor and supramarginal gyrus, and the anterior cingulate sulcus during the learning stage and in the supplementary motor area during the automatization stage. These changes are hypothesized to reflect decreases in attention-demanding sensory processing, as well as suppression of preferred coordination tendencies as a prelude to acquiring new coordination modes. Conversely, learning-related increases were observed in the primary motor cortex (M1), posterior cingulate zone (PCZ), putamen, and right anterior cerebellum. Importantly, both M1 and PCZ activation decreased again to initial level ( PRE) during automated performance ( POST). Only the putamen and anterior cerebellum remained more activated across both learning and automatization stages, supporting their crucial role in long-term motor memory formation for coordination tasks.