Implications of pea aphid host-plant specialization for the potential colonization of vegetables following post-harvest emigration from forage crops
Implications of pea aphid host-plant specialization for the potential colonization of vegetables following post-harvest emigration from forage crops
复制标题
DOI：
10.1603/0046-225x-29.6.1283
复制
发表时间：
2000-12-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Eubanks, MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Losey, JE;Eubanks, MD
豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum（Harris）是一种危害范围广泛的豆科作物，包括许多重要的饲料和蔬菜作物。虽然豌豆蚜虫的经济伤害水平很少超过饲料作物，蚜虫密度可以达到极高的水平，在一个单一的收获周期。饲料作物收获后，大量豌豆蚜虫可能扩散到附近的菜地。本研究的目的是确定潜在的影响，移民豌豆蚜虫对蔬菜作物毗邻饲料作物的农业景观豌豆蚜虫收集苜蓿和三叶草进行了评估，他们的生存能力和他们的倾向，以蔬菜作物为饲料。从三叶草和苜蓿上采集的豌豆蚜虫在这些饲料作物上的存活率显著高于豌豆、绿色菜豆和利马豆。在额外的实验室实验中，苜蓿适应蚜虫产生的蚜虫后代在利马豆上比在苜蓿上显着减少，并且成虫和后代在利马豆叶上的死亡率显着高于苜蓿叶。用电子监测器对蚜虫取食的分析证实，适应苜蓿的豌豆蚜虫以苜蓿的韧皮部汁液为食，但从不以利马豆为食。这些结果使我们预测，豌豆蚜虫移民从苜蓿和其他饲料作物在收获期间不会建立持久的，造成损害的人口在附近的蔬菜作物。我们在利马豆上豌豆蚜虫种群的田间数据与这一假设一致。近几年苜蓿田收获后立即在利马豆上发现高密度的豌豆蚜虫，但高密度的蚜虫并不持续超过3d。我们的研究表明，虽然蚜虫可以从饲料作物迁移到蔬菜作物的密度高于公布的行动阈值，这些饲料作物适应蚜虫在高价值的蔬菜作物实际造成的损害量将是最小的。当蚜虫从收获的饲料作物迁入时，可能不需要治疗利马豆和其他蔬菜中的蚜虫。这些研究结果表明，害虫管理决策在蔬菜中可以通过考虑移民害虫，如豌豆蚜虫的来源。
The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), attacks a wide range of legumes including many important forage and vegetable crops. Although economic injury levels for pea aphids are seldom exceeded in forage crops, aphid densities can reach extremely high levels during a single harvest cycle. After harvest of forage crops, large numbers of pea aphids may disperse into proximate vegetable fields. The objective of this study was to determine the potential impact of immigrating pea aphids on vegetable crops adjoining forage crops in the agricultural landscape pea aphids collected from alfalfa and clover were evaluated for their ability to survive on and their propensity to feed on vegetable crops. The survival of pea aphids collected from clover and alfalfa was significantly higher on these forage crops than on peas, green beans and lima beans in laboratory transplant experiments. In additional laboratory experiments, alfalfa-adapted aphids produced significantly fewer aphid offspring on lima beans than on alfalfa, and the adults and offspring had significantly higher mortality on lima bean leaves than on alfalfa leaves. Analysis of aphid feeding with an electronic monitor confirmed that alfalfa-adapted pea aphids feed on phloem sap from alfalfa but never feed on lima beans. These results led us to predict that pea aphids immigrating from alfalfa and other forage crops during harvest would not establish persistent, damage-causing populations in nearby vegetable crops. Our field data on pea aphid populations in lima beans were consistent with this hypothesis. High densities of pea aphids were found in lima beans immediately after harvests of nearly alfalfa fields, but high aphid densities did not persist >3 d. Our study, suggests that although aphids can emigrate from forage crops to vegetable crops at densities above published action thresholds, the amount of damage actually caused by these forage-crop adapted aphids in higher-value vegetable crops will be minimal. It may be unnecessary to treat aphids in lima beans and other vegetables when aphids have immigrated from harvested forage crops. These findings suggest that pest management decision-making in vegetables can be improved by considering the source of immigrating pests such as pea aphids.