Habitat Use and Factors Affecting Distribution of Wintering Waterbirds in the Wetland Restoration Area at Chongming Dongtan
Habitat Use and Factors Affecting Distribution of Wintering Waterbirds in the Wetland Restoration Area at Chongming Dongtan
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
J. Xi
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作者：
J. Xi
弄清水鸟栖息地利用与环境因素的关系有助于制定保护策略。为了解水鸟在人工湿地上的利用情况及影响其栖息地利用的因素，于2012-2013年冬季对崇明东滩湿地恢复区的水鸟种类、数量和6个环境因子(植被面积、裸地面积比、水深、地形变化、生境结构多样性和人为干扰)进行了调查。在12次调查中，共记录到24个物种9018只。优势种为斑嘴鸭(Anas Poecilorhyncha)和野鸭(A.platyriunchos)，共47种。5和32。分别占总个体数的7%。记录静息行为79例。占总个体数的2%，表明湿地恢复区是大多数水鸟的栖息地。此外，超过60%的个体表现出觅食行为的小灰熊(Tachabaptus Ruficollis)、Coot(Fulica Atra)、普通斑羚(Gallinula Loropus)、欧亚琵鹭(Platalea Leucorodia)和黑脸琵鹭(P.Minor)。逐步回归分析表明，裸地面积比例是影响水鸟物种数量的主要因素，虽然水鸟偏爱地形变异大、植被盖度低的地块，但它们停留在裸地面积比例较高的地块。对于涉水者来说，他们更喜欢在地形变化较大的地块上休息。为了增加湿地恢复区水鸟的多样性，我们建议改善水鸟的食物条件，如种植更多的沉水植物，增加地形变化和裸地面积的比例。
Clarifying the relationship between habitat use of waterbirds and environmental factors contributes to making conservation strategies. In order to understand the use of waterbirds on artificial wetlands and factors affecting their habitat use,we surveyed waterbird species and numbers and six environmental factors( including vegetation area,ratio of bare land area,water depth,topographic variation,habitat structural diversity,and human disturbance) in the wetland restoration area at Chongming Dongtan in the winter of 2012-2013. A total of 9 018 individuals in 24 species were recorded during 12 surveys. Spot-billed Duck( Anas poecilorhyncha)and Mallard( A. platyrhynchos) were the dominant species,accounting for 47. 5 and 32. 7% of total individual numbers,respectively. Rest behavior was recorded in 79. 2% of total individuals,suggesting the wetland restoration area provided roosting sites for most waterbirds. Moreover,over 60% of individuals showed foraging behavior in Little Grebe( Tachybaptus ruficollis), Coot( Fulica atra), Common Moorhen( Gallinula chloropus),Eurasian Spoonbill( Platalea leucorodia),and Black-faced Spoonbill( P. minor). Stepwise regression analysis indicated the proportion of bare land area is the main factor affecting the species numbers of waterbirds; although waterfowl preferred plots with large topographic variation and low cover of vegetation,they stayed in plots with high proportion of bare land area. For the waders,they preferred to rest in plots with large topographic variation. To increase waterbird diversity in the wetland restoration area,we suggested to improve the food conditions for waterbirds,such as planting more submerged plants,and to increase the topographic variation and the proportion of bare land area.