Nicotine on the developing brain.
Nicotine on the developing brain.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106716
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发表时间：
2023-04
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Leslie, Frances M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castro, Emily M.;Lotfipour, Shahrdad;Leslie, Frances M.
孕期和青春期等发育阶段增强了可塑性，使大脑容易受到尼古丁使用的有害影响。适当的大脑成熟和环路组织对正常的生理和行为结果至关重要。尽管吸烟的受欢迎程度有所下降，但不可燃的尼古丁产品很容易使用。这些替代品被错误地认为是安全的，导致在孕妇和青少年等弱势群体中广泛使用。在这些敏感的发育窗口中，尼古丁的暴露对心肺功能、学习和记忆、执行功能和奖赏相关回路都是有害的。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论尼古丁暴露后大脑和行为发生不利变化的临床和临床前证据。将讨论尼古丁引起的奖赏相关脑区和药物奖赏行为的时间依赖性变化，并强调发育期间的独特敏感性。我们还将回顾持续到成年期的发育暴露的长期影响，以及可以遗传给后代的基因组的永久性表观遗传变化。综上所述，在这些脆弱的发育窗口中评估尼古丁暴露的后果至关重要，因为它对认知有直接影响，对其他物质使用的潜在轨迹，以及物质使用障碍的神经生物学所涉及的机制。
Developmental periods such as gestation and adolescence have enhanced plasticity leaving the brain vulnerable to harmful effects from nicotine use. Proper brain maturation and circuit organization is critical for normal physiological and behavioral outcomes. Although cigarette smoking has declined in popularity, noncombustible nicotine products are readily used. The misperceived safety of these alternatives lead to widespread use among vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and adolescents. Nicotine exposure during these sensitive developmental windows is detrimental to cardiorespiratory function, learning and memory, executive function, and reward related circuitry. In this review, we will discuss clinical and preclinical evidence of the adverse alterations in the brain and behavior following nicotine exposure. Time-dependent nicotine-induced changes in reward related brain regions and drug reward behaviors will be discussed and highlight unique sensitivities within a developmental period. We will also review long lasting effects of developmental exposure persisting into adulthood, along with permanent epigenetic changes in the genome which can be passed to future generations. Taken together, it is critical to evaluate the consequences of nicotine exposure during these vulnerable developmental windows due to its direct impact on cognition, potential trajectories for other substance use, and implicated mechanisms for the neurobiology of substance use disorders.
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